Jim Shikashio oral history interview, part 3 of 3, June 24, 2008
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=World+War+II--European+Theater--Central+Europe+Campaign--Liberation+of+Dachau+Subcamps+%28522nd+Field+Artillery+Battalion%29">World War II--European Theater--Central Europe Campaign--Liberation of Dachau Subcamps (522nd Field Artillery Battalion)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Japanese+Americans--Post-World+War+II">Japanese Americans--Post-World War II</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Identity+and+values">Identity and values</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=World+War+II--Military+service--522nd+Field+Artillery+Battalion">World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion</a>
Shikashio briefly talks about Civitavecchia, Italy. He describes German 88's. He explains the location of his service battery on the front lines. He describes being hit by enemy fire. He discusses German booby traps. He briefly talks about Marseilles, France. He talks about the extent to which he feared drying. He briefly describes the Champaign Campaign. He explains what tree burst are. Shikashio discusses living conditions and food on the front lines. He talks about advancing into Germany. He briefly talks about being on patrol. He shares memories of Dachau. He discusses German civilians. He describes his post-war assignment. He talks about Germany's surrender. He explains volunteering for the Pacific campaign. He describes his return to the United States. He shares reasons for serving in the military. He discusses his employment after World War Two, including starting his own business. He talks about working for an engineering laboratory until his retirement. He explains what the government learned about Japanese Americans after World War Two. He describes the opportunities his generation opened to future generations. He explains how he met his wife. He discusses his relationship with his wife. Shikashio talks about managing a parking lot. He describes his children and grandchildren.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Shikashio%2C+Jim%3A+narrator">Shikashio, Jim: narrator</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Horsting%2C+Robert%3A+interviewer">Horsting, Robert: interviewer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center%3A+publisher">Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center">Go For Broke National Education Center</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2008+June+24">2008 June 24</a>
video/m4v
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Oral+Histories">Oral Histories</a>
2008OH0883_03_Shikashio
Jim Shikashio oral history interview, part 2 of 3, June 24, 2008
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race--Discrimination">Race--Discrimination</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=World+War+II--Military+service--522nd+Field+Artillery+Battalion">World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=World+War+II--European+Theater">World War II--European Theater</a>
Shikashio continues to talk about his mentors. He continues to share his experiences with discrimination. He talks about his plans after graduating high school. He discusses his time working in Stockton, California. He describes the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the aftermath. He talks about discrimination in the military. He discusses Executive Order 9066. He explains volunteering for the military. He describes his enemy alien status. He shares his knowledge of wars in other countries. He talks about joining the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. He describes his journey to Camp Shelby. He compares his experiences with discrimination to the discrimination that he witnessed in the South. He discusses his interactions with Hawaiian soldiers. He briefly talks about his basic training. He explains his role in the service battery. He describes the most difficult aspect of his military training. He discusses Camp Shelby, Earl Finch and USO shows. He talks about his journey to Europe and landing in Brindisi, Italy. He briefly talks about Naples Italy. Shikashio describes living conditions in Italy. He describes his first combat experiences.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Shikashio%2C+Jim%3A+narrator">Shikashio, Jim: narrator</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Horsting%2C+Robert%3A+interviewer">Horsting, Robert: interviewer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center%3A+publisher">Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center">Go For Broke National Education Center</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2008+June+24">2008 June 24</a>
video/m4v
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Oral+Histories">Oral Histories</a>
2008OH0883_02_Shikashio
Jim Shikashio oral history interview, part 1 of 3, June 24, 2008
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Identity+and+values--Family">Identity and values--Family</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Religion+and+churches">Religion and churches</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Social+activities">Social activities</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Education">Education</a>
Shikashio and the interviewers introduce themselves. He describes his hometown Shelby, Idaho. He talks about his father's immigration to the United States. He describes his father's physical appearance and personality. He shares memories of his father. He discusses his mother's appearance. He talks about his mother's work on the family farm. He describes his mother's personality. He shares memories of his mother and his family home. He discusses his neighborhood demographics. He talks about his religious upbringing. He shares his experiences with discrimination. Shikashio describes family holiday celebrations. He discusses his siblings. He talks about his struggles with allergies. He describes his work on the family farm. He explains how he learned how to drive. He lists his family's means of transportation. He discusses attending the Idaho State Fair. He talks about what he did in his leisure time. He describes what he learned in Japanese language school. He discusses Kanji and other forms of Japanese writing. He talks about the languages that were spoken at his home. He describes his experiences in primary and secondary school. He discusses his mentors.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Shikashio%2C+Jim%3A+narrator">Shikashio, Jim: narrator</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Horsting%2C+Robert%3A+interviewer">Horsting, Robert: interviewer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center%3A+publisher">Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center">Go For Broke National Education Center</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2008+June+24">2008 June 24</a>
video/m4v
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Oral+Histories">Oral Histories</a>
2008OH0883_01_Shikashio
Leo Morishita oral history interview, part 4 of 4, September 11, 2007
Before going overseas, the three Morishita brothers, Kenzo, Leo, and Yutaka receives a good luck charm from their mother. After his tour, Leo receives a ribbon for being in the European Theater and a good conduct medal for his service. At the end of Leo's service, he is an Army is technician 5th grade and discharges in Italy. For the earnings he makes serving in the Army, Leo sends money home to his parents. Post-war Kenzo, Leo, and Yutaka return home safely.
At a USO show, Leo meets an Italian girl name Ebe. Leo and Ebe date for two years before getting married. When the war ends, Leo decides to stay in Italy. Leo shares his story of how he finds a civilian job in the War Department.
Leo and Ebe have a fairytale wedding in Livorno. They have a church ceremony and a reception at Ristorante Republica. Leo and Ebe are married for 52 years and have two children and a grandchild.
Leo moves back to the United States when the Italian offices close. He describes his homecoming experience and introducing his wife to his Issei parents. Leo has the intention to enroll at Idaho University but ends up in the grocery business. He retires in 1998 after being in the grocery business for 52 years.
Leo discusses attending three reunions and gives advice for future generations about a military career.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morishita%2C+Leo%3A+narrator">Morishita, Leo: narrator</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Garvey%2C+John%3A+interviewer">Garvey, John: interviewer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center%3A+publisher">Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center">Go For Broke National Education Center</a>
2007OH0807_04_Morishita
Leo Morishita oral history interview, part 3 of 4, September 11, 2007
From Fort Meade, Leo Morishita goes to Newport Dunes, Virginia, for additional training and his final medical shots. Leo boards the USS West Point and goes overseas. The voyage takes 24 days, and Leo describes the daily routine on the ship before they arrive at their destination.
The three Morishita brothers, Kenzo, Leo, and Yutaka, all serve during World War Two but have different duties. Kenzo is Leo's older brother, is in I Company, and one of the eight survivors from the Los battalion Rescue. Leo discusses Kenzo's near-death experience during his combat with German soldiers. Yutaka is the youngest brother, who is in the Air Corps in Germany.
Leo recalls the last push and the Gothic Line. The 442nd encounters many casualties. Previously at Camp Shelby, Leo learns weapon training. Leo is a rifleman for three weeks before he is reassigned to the 442nd as a placement. As a rifleman, Leo carries a Browning Automatic Rifle BR-88.
When Leo is a medic, he recalls treating two soldiers. He describes each event. Leo also shares a story about two Hawaiian soldiers he meets at the medic station.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morishita%2C+Leo%3A+narrator">Morishita, Leo: narrator</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Garvey%2C+John%3A+interviewer">Garvey, John: interviewer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center%3A+publisher">Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center">Go For Broke National Education Center</a>
2007OH0807_03_Morishita
Leo Morishita oral history interview, part 2 of 4, September 11, 2007
Leo Morishita gives a little fun fact about his last name Morishita. Morishita means underwood in English. Before his high school graduation, on December 7, Leo is at the Japanese American Citizen League (JACL) planning on an early Christmas party. The Sheriff advises everyone to go home for safety.
After the Pearl Harbor attack, there are some restrictions in place. One of them being curfew time. Leo's basketball coach has to get a permit for Leo to be out past curfew to participate in the basketball game. Later, President Truman signs Executive Order 9066 placing thousands of Japanese Americans into camp. Leo discusses the effects of EO9066 and his family in Salinas, California. Leo's family farm also is searched by the FBI.
Before volunteering for service, Leo attends Northern Montana College for a year. The Morishita family is proud of Kenzo, Leo, and Yukata for joining the Army. The Morishita brothers are inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah. Leo does don't leave at the same time with his brothers because of his feet. Leo joins Kenzo and Yutaka six weeks later at Camp Shelby.
At Camp Shelby, Leo does nine months of basic training, He describes the different training he learns and the discrimination in the South. Even though there is discrimination, there is one kind person Leo meets. He shares his story about Earl Finch and his acts of kindness towards the Nisei.
Overseas, Leo lands in Naples, Italy, and learns there is a need for riflemen. He is no longer a medic. Leo is given a browning automatic rifle.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morishita%2C+Leo%3A+narrator">Morishita, Leo: narrator</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Garvey%2C+John%3A+interviewer">Garvey, John: interviewer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center%3A+publisher">Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center">Go For Broke National Education Center</a>
2007OH0807_02_Morishita
Leo Morishita oral history interview, part 1 of 4, September 11, 2007
Leo Morishita is born December 24, 1923, in Shelley, Idaho. Leo's parents are from Hiroshima, Japan, and immigrates to the United States for a better life. When Leo's father arrives in the United States, he works on the railroad and later becomes a farmer. Due to the Alien Land Law, Issei cannot own land. When Leo's oldest brother turns 18, the family buys a farm under his name.
Leo grows up on the farm with four siblings. In Idaho Falls, there is a Japanese School that Leo attends after primary school and on Saturdays. Besides school, Leo participates in sports. On Sundays, Leo would attend Mormon Church but later attends a Methodist Church.
At home, Leo speaks primarily Japanese. He enjoys listening to the radio, hunting, and fishing. On New Year, Leo's mother prepares a special meal and invites friends to their house.
After the Pearl Harbor attack, Leo recalls curfews and restrictions that are enforced.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morishita%2C+Leo%3A+narrator">Morishita, Leo: narrator</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Garvey%2C+John%3A+interviewer">Garvey, John: interviewer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center%3A+publisher">Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Go+For+Broke+National+Education+Center">Go For Broke National Education Center</a>
2007OH0807_01_Morishita
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