Community activities]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Industry and employment--Banking]]> Industry and employment--Homemaking]]> Social activities]]> Aratani, Sakaye Inouye: narrator]]> Yamazaki-Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-01-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Education]]> Murakami, Mary Tamaki: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Virginia ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> Murakami, Mary Tamaki: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Virginia ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> Social activities]]> Murakami, Mary Tamaki: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 16 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Virginia ]]>
During wartime, Tom worked at Mitsubishi. Tom explained there were no opportunities for Nisei to be an engineer in the United States. To work for Mitsubishi, Tom had to regain his Japanese citizenship. In doing so, he lost his American citizenship.

Tom learned his family was doing ok after Pearl Harbor after receiving a note in a package from his mother. After the war, airmail was allowed between the United States and Japan.

After working at Mitsubishi, Tom worked for a chemical engineering construction company. Later, he received an offer to work for Kenwood. To work in the United States, Tom got his Green Card. For the latter part of Tom's career, he worked for Kenwood in the United States. He retired from Kenwood after ten years. Tom also went to Oak Ridge, the Secret City to discuss atomic energy.

Tom describes the different chapters of his life, from growing up in the United States, working in Japan after college, and returning to the United States to work. Being a Nisei helped him after the war. Japanese companies wanted his ability to speak English and Japanese. Tom also learned the business as a Nisei and as a Japanese. He felt fortunate to be accepted as a Japanese and a Japanese American.]]>
Umeda, Tom Shigetoki: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Tom recalls talking to the man who created the aircraft department at Mitsubishi and how he collected data from American aircraft to construct the zero fighters.

Tom worked in the Navy section on zero fighters. His assignment was the 6th and 7th versions of the landing gear. Tom describes creating and getting approval of the landing gear design.

He designed the landing gear with the philosophy of not using a dead weight. His goal was to make the landing gear as durable and light as possible. After several trials, Tom succeeded with his calculations.
However, the war ended, and Tom's design did not make it in time. ]]>
Umeda, Tom Shigetoki: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Tom has two younger sisters, and they grew up in Los Angeles, CA, near Chinatown. Later the family moved to Boyle Heights, CA. Tom attended elementary school for eight years and participated in an athletic club. Later, he goes to Lincoln High School for four years.
]]>
Umeda, Tom Shigetoki: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> ]]> Nishijima, Kadsuo: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 August 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Nishijima, Kadsuo: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 August 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah]]> Ichikawa, Mildred: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Ichikawa, Mildred: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Okano, Merry: narrator]]> Hayashi, T.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Okano, Merry: narrator]]> Hayashi, T.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Okano, Merry: narrator]]> Hayashi, T.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hikida, Miye: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hikida, Miye: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Yokoyama, Kaoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Yokoyama, Kaoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Yokoyama, Kaoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Mass Removal ("Evacuation")]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Tule Lake]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Pinedale]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Maeda, Kay: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 September 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Tinker, Edda: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Tinker, Edda: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Tagami, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Tagami, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia ]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Race--Racism]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Education--Higher education]]> Identity and values--Women]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Food]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Medical care and health issues]]> Education--Higher education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Responses of non-Japanese Americans]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Law and legislation--Alien land laws--California]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Medical care and health issues]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Education--Japan]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Identity and values--Women]]> Education--Higher education]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Lillian's sister returns to their family home first. Lillian says when she returns home, she prepares the house for her parents' return from Minidoka. Later she learns about her family receiving death threats.

Lillian discusses John's family's homecoming from Minidoka. When they return home, there is nothing left, and they did not have money. Fortunately, the Matsudaira family receives assistance from Saint Vincent de Paul and other religious affiliations. John does not return home from the hospital until February 1947. John is wounded in Rome in October 1944 by shrapnel. John also receives threats as well after returning home from camp.

Lillian shares John's basic training and war experiences. In Mississippi, there is segregation. Either it is white or black. Japanese Americans are considered white. Lillian says the Asians are not treated as badly as the African Americans in the South.

Lillian feels proud of her husband John for serving during World War Two. She says their contribution liberated the Japanese Americans and shows that the Japanese Americans are good as anyone else. The 442nd opened opportunities for other Asians to have a chance to have a better life. She reflects on American history and the generational gaps between Nisei and Sansei.

Lillian and John have four children and seven grandchildren. She shares memories of her children and John's interests and hobbies. ]]>
Matsudaira, Lillian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Lillian's father is Tsuyoshi Inouye, and her mother is Yayoi Inouye. They have six children in the family. Lillian grows up in a neighborhood that is primarily Japanese American and Chinese. Although Lillian's family is more westernized, she recalls some Japanese traditions practiced during New Year.

Lillian's husband is John Takehisa Matsudaira. He is born November 26, 1922, in Seattle, Washington. John's father is Tokohisa Matsudaira, and his mother is Hatori Umeda Matsudaira. John's parents are from Kanazawa, Japan. They have fourteen children. John is the oldest child in the family, and there is about a 20 year age gap between the siblings.

After school, Lillian helps out at the family restaurant. She rarely has free time. Lillian also attends Japanese School for six years. The neighborhood children are her friends.

John is a loner during his school years. He has many interests and enjoys reading books. John lived in Japan for about five years and started his artwork in Japan. He returns to the United States when he is 12 years old.

Lillian recalls December 7 and evacuation. She describes the atmosphere and preparations made for camp.]]>
Matsudaira, Lilian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Lillian identifies with her Japanese heritage, but after the war, she realizes there is a need to emphasize being American. She recalls three individuals that show support to the Japanese American Community and her family.

Lillian and her family are sent to Puyallup and Minidoka. She describes the living conditions and life behind barb wires. At Minidoka, she meets John Matsudaira. John volunteers for service and leaves in June 1943. They stay in contact through correspondences.

Lillian leaves camp and goes to Ohio and Philadelphia to reunite with her sisters Fran and Ruby. ]]>
Matsudaira, Lilian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Maruyama, Sumiko Nakahiro: narrator
Maruyama, Kenichi K.: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Maruyama, Sumiko Nakahiro: narrator
Maruyama, Kenichi K.: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Maruyama, Sumiko Nakahiro: narrator
Maruyama, Kenichi K.: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Corwin, Norman: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Corwin, Norman: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Corwin, Norman: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
A special event in the family is when their grandmother becomes a naturalized American citizen in the late 1950s. Janet believes their grandmother wanted to be a citizen because of Sadao.

Janice explains why her family lives in Hawaii. After Manzanar, Janice's mother finds a job in Madison, WI, as a surgical nurse. In Madison, she meets Janice's father, Albert Yokoyama, who is in the 100th Battalion. When Janice's parents get married, they move to Hawaii.

Janice recalls her mother having happy stories about Sadao except for the one about the community swimming pool. Janice explains her feelings on oral history. ]]>
Nakakihara, Janet: narrator]]> Trubitt, Janice: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Janet recalls her grandparents Kametaro and Nawa Munemori. Janet has a close relationship with her grandmother and admires her.

In December 1940, Janet's family travels to Japan because her father's mother and brother are ill. Janet stays in Japan for seven years. The war starts in 1941, and her father is drafted into the Japanese Military. Later serves as an interpreter for the Australian Forces during the occupation.

Janet recalls the day the atomic bomb is dropped in Hiroshima, and the war ends. Janice says her mother does not talk about wartime. However, she learns about the Japanese American experience in high school.
]]>
Nakakihara, Janet: narrator]]> Trubitt, Janice: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Tonai, Minoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Tonai, Minoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Tonai, Minoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Sudarrio, Chiyoko: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Sudarrio, Chiyoko: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Sudarrio, Chiyoko: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Isonaga, Suzanne: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Isonaga, Suzanne: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Aki, Patrick: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--Medical care]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Aki, Patrick: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Japan]]> World War II]]> Aki, Patrick: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Industry and employment]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Aki, Patrick: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment]]> Aki, Patrick: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Oye, Suneko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oye, Suneko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Oye, Suneko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 October 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Social activities]]> Oye, Suneko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 October 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Oshita, Margaret: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II]]> Oshita, Margaret: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> Social activities]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Oshita, Margaret: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> Education]]> Festivals, celebrations, and holidays]]> Social activities]]> Oshita, Margaret: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Community activities]]> Oshita, Margaret: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Asahina, Toshi Kodata: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Asahina, Toshi Kodata: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Festivals, celebrations, and holidays]]> Social activities]]> Asahina, Toshi Kodata: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Mukai, George: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Mukai, George: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Community activities]]> Activism and involvement]]> Fuyuume, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 July 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seabrook, New Jersey ]]> Fuyuume, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Fuyuume, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Fuyuume, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 July 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seabrook, New Jersey ]]>