World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 March 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> Festivals, celebrations, and holidays]]> Immigration and citizenship]]> Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko: narrator ]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 March 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Social activities--Sports]]> Social activities--Dances]]> Activism and involvement]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Education--Higher education]]> Industry and employment--Educators]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> World War II--Propaganda--U.S. Government Propaganda]]> World War II--Refugees]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Japan--Military]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Housing--Barracks]]> Race--Racism]]> World War II--Military recruitment]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Food]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Housing--Barracks]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Conflicts, intimidation, and violence]]> World War II--Loyalty Questionnaire--protest]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Race--Race relations]]> Race--Violence]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Community activities]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> Industry and employment--Small business]]> Social activities--Motion pictures]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]>
Taira gets ready to go overseas but is delayed by a measles outbreak. Traveling overseas in the Atlantic Ocean is rough. When he lands in France, the 442nd has gone to Italy. He goes to Leghorn to catch up with the 442nd.

He arrives in Italy to meet with the 442nd. Before going overseas, Taira received training as a rifleman but now is assigned as 3rd Battalion Medic, Company M. As a medic, the Tech Sergeant takes Taira under his guidance. Taira says the are some advantages to being under his position. Taira is treated well as a medic.

In Italy, Taira's first battle is the Gothic Line. When Taira is in the frontline, the hardest part for him is to let go of the idea do not mess up. His cultural value and his father's words stick with him. When the war ends, Taira returns to the 3rd Battalion in Pisa.

During the occupation, Taira goes to Switzerland for his rest period. Taira says the locals are friendly and recalls some of their nice gestures. Taira discusses the black market.

In October 1946, Taira is discharged, and he goes to Richton. With the GI Bill, Taira attends Drake University and then the University of Utah. He studies bacteriology. In 1951, Taira graduates from the University of Utah. He finds a job in a lab part-time while going to graduate school.

Taira's marries Nobuko Okumura and have a son together. After his parents lose their job at Seabrook Farm, they come live with Taira and Nobuko.

Taira hopes the treatment of the Japanese Americans will not happen to anyone else. He says the Japanese American situation is how you see it. The Japanese Americans did not have civil rights. As times are changing and the opportunities for the next generation are getting better.

Taira briefly talks about Ken Uchida and narrates a few photos from the evacuation.


]]>
Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

As a youth, Taira is aware of world events from the LA Times. He reads about land leasing and the war overseas. However, Taira thinks poverty is more important news in those days. On December 7, Taira is playing football with the Japanese American kids. He recalls Charlie Chaplin is filming the movie The Great Dictator across the street.

The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, Taira goes to school on the bus. The school has an assembly and shows support for the Japanese Americans. He discusses the treatment after December 7, and he does not realize the severity of the situation until the evacuation.

Besides evacuation, there are curfew hours. Taira says he only goes to school and straight comes home. Moreover, He recalls neighbors coming and taking the plants from the front yard and asking low prices for their belongings.

Taira believes his family is the first to go to camp because his relatives volunteer to help build Manzanar. Taira's brother loses his job after Pearl Harbor and decides to help with the construction of Manzanar.

Taira describes the living condition at Manzanar. Briefly, He leaves camp to work on a farm in Idaho and attends Idaho Falls High School. However, working and going to school is tough. He returns to Manzanar and finishes high school in the camp. He studies journalism and is the senior editor.

In camp, Taira answers the loyalty questionnaire and explains the different possibilities of answering the questionnaire. In 1944, he is drafted into the Army with his brother Jim. Taira and Jim, go to Fort Douglas, and the other Nisei go to Camp Blanding or Camp Hood.

Camp Hood is for the anti-tank unit. However, Taira is a rife replacement for the 442nd. Taira is assigned to Company A 140th Battalion, and their unit is known as the Flying A. He describes life in basic training. His training is cut from 18 weeks to 16 weeks due to the Battle of Bulge.
]]>
Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Taira's father is Buntaro Fukushima, and he was born on August 2, 1881. Taira's father comes from a farming community in Japan. Taira's father works hard and is an honest man.

Taira's mother, Maru Tateyama Fukushima, is a picture bride from Japan. Taira's mother cooks the family meals and he recollects always getting green apples. Taira says his mother will sacrifice anything for their children. During the summertime, Taira and his three siblings ask for ice cream. As a child, Taira thinks his mother doesn't likes ice cream. However, she loves ice cream. Taira's mother does not eat the ice cream to save it for the children.

Growing up, the Fukushima family is Buddhist. At Japanese language school, the Buddhist Priest would teach the classes. Sometimes the school's space is used for shows or Japanese movie screenings with a narrator. Taira says these are the social activities that parents and children enjoy. Another childhood activity Taira enjoys is playing with his neighborhood friends Eddie Harvey and Susumu Kitano.

Taira discusses his school years at Hobart Boulevard School, Berendo Junior High School, and John H. Francis Polytechnic High School. Furthermore, he attends Japanese language school after school.

]]>
Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Industry and employment]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Vosges--"Rescue of the Lost Battalion"]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Maritime Alps,"Champagne Campaign"]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]>
Tony recalls his friend, Stan Kizawa, who worked in the Civil Censorship who is instrumental in saving the Kabuki Theater. In the occupation, Tony's role is mainly intelligence collection. The reason linguists are spread out through the different prefectures, Japan, is to assist the Japanese Government and Police with keeping the Communists under control.

The Nisei Linguists have more of an advantage for the locals to trust them over a white people who can speak Japanese. The locals want to make friends right away. Moreover, sharing the same culture is helpful in the mission.

The Japanese locals are accustomed to democracy. Therefore, when General MacArthur preserves the Emperor System and democracy after the war, he is well received. Democracy is established in Japan after the Meiji Restoration in 1868 (approximately) until the Military System takes over in the 1930s.

After the occupation, Tony works in a few positions in the military. Before retiring, he is Chief Historian of the Pacific Command. At the end of the interview, Tony shows a photo of him and the Captain Scientist "Chief" he accompanies in Japan occupation.





]]>
Koura, Tony: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Tony arrives back in Kyushu, Japan, after Manchuria. He visits several areas in Japan. He goes to Kyoto to see what Japan would look like pre-war. Kyoto is the only city not bombed during World War Two because there were no war industries, and Kyoto is not a military center.

In May 1946, one of the other interpreters visits his family in Hiroshima, and Tony goes with him. Tony describes the devastation of the atomic bomb. The hills are blackened, and all the buildings are destroyed. Tony says it is a sight you can never forget. Despite the destruction of Hiroshima, the locals are trying to survive. In contrast, Tokyo has a few standing buildings.

Tony is discharged from the Army in December 1946. He attends the University of Washington and joins the reserves to make extra money, and the Korean War starts. However, Tony is not called to active duty due to his classification. Tony graduates college in June and is hired to be an Air Force interrogator in Tokyo, Japan.

Japan has changed drastically change from 1946 to 1951. Almost all the damages from the bombing are repaired. With the Korean War happening, the American Army needs the assistance of Japan. Tony says Japan is a tremendous help with the Korean War. In Japan, Tony's job is to interrogate Japanese soldier prisoners from Siberia. The Japanese prisoners have all of the strategic intel from working in the area. The American air Forces is in dire need of this information because of the Cold War.

Tony is in Japan from 1951 to 1956. Tony is an interrogator until the Peace Treaty is signed. Afterward, he works on special projects such as invasion and escapes studies for aircrews as a Department of Air Force (DAF). Later, he becomes a historian at Headquarters Pacific Air Forces and documents current Air Force History.

]]>
Koura, Tony: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After the draft notice, he receives his Military Intelligence Service (MIS) training. Tony is trained for occupational work and is assigned to the translation group for the invasion of Japan.

Tony's knowledge of the Japanese language and Japanese culture comes in handy for his training and during the occupation. At Fort Snelling, the training focuses on interpreting. After training, the overseas trip is delayed, and Tony ships out in November to Yokohama, Japan.

When Tony arrives in Yokohama, Japan, he sees the destruction of Japan first hand. He goes to Camp Zama, the Replacement Depot. He recalls the Japanese locals carry themselves very well despite going through the war. When Tony meets locals in Japan, they are curious about internment camps and the Japanese Americans on the mainland.

Tony gets his assignment and is assigned to the 5250th Technical Intelligence Company located at the former Tokyo First Armory at Camp Oji (Northern Tokyo). He is the interpreter for US Army scientists, engineers, chemists, and physicists whose responsibility is to investigate war crime activities of Japanese scientists and institutions. The US Army scientists are researching what the Japanese scientists were working on and discovered during the war.

When Tony has free time he goes on jeeps rides with a few other linguists and explores the countryside and beaches. Tony takes pictures during the occupations and describes a few of them.


]]>
Koura, Tony: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Paul discusses what it means to be a Nisei soldier. Despite the Japanese Americans being classified as 4C, they wanted to serve their home country when they did not have to. The Nisei services show their bravery, loyalty, and patriotism than any other group.

The 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team is the most highly decorated unit with the medals and honors they receive. Paul explains why the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) worked as individuals. There are approximately 5,000 MIS men overseas. As a result, it is very hard for anyone to be recognized. Moreover, the MIS duties are confidential and not publicized. The Nisei soldiers are different types of soldiers and should be recognized. They help shorten the war.

In Washington DC, there is a recognition monument with Nisei soldiers' names engraved on it. In spite of being discriminated against, placed in camp, and not considered American citizens to serve, the Nisei became the best soldiers in the United States military. The Nisei soldiers should be remembered for their contributions.
]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Paul also goes to high schools and universities to speak to students about evacuation and his military service. Paul is a member of the Nikkei International Association. Nikkei International Association's goal is to maintain the relationship with other Japanese Americans overseas and promote the Japanese heritage. Later, Paul discovers he is part of a Fukushima-Ken Kenjin-Kai.

Paul explains he is active in the community because he likes helping others. Therefore, Paul teaches his children the value of helping others. Although, he does not share his wartime shares with his children. Paul's two daughters were active in the court cases for Gordon Hirabayashi, Fred Korematsu, and Minoru Yasui. Therefore they are familiar with the Japanese American experience.

Paul discusses different ways of recording history through oral histories, books, and photographs. By recording history, the purpose is to retain the experiences of the Nisei to educate others. Paul loves photography and has over 400 albums of photos. He likes to record events of other people through photographs. ]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In Gardena, Paul recalls being discriminated against by the Elks Lodge when they would not accept him and Ken Nakaoka as members. In Carson, there is an Elks Lodge chapter, and Paul joins. Paul becomes active in the Elks Lodge to demonstrate that Japanese Americans can be good members and there should be no prejudices.

Paul's motto is to help others. Even though Paul is active in the Republican Party, Paul says he doesn't help just the Republican Party, but he helps people who can do a job for the community. Paul has helped with passing a bill for acupuncture therapy, naming of the highways after Nisei Veterans, and helping Daniel Inouye and others to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor. Paul feels it is important to remember and honor people.

Paul explains Veterans Affairs is a lot of legislative work called lobbying. Paul is a lobbyist for the Veterans Affairs, a Commander of the Disabled American Veterans, and a National Representative Legislative Representative from California. The goal is to have the President, the Head of the Veterans Administration, and the legislators work to help veterans.

Nisei veterans are important to Paul. He discusses raising funds for monuments at Evergreen, the Japanese American Cultural and Community Center (JACCC), and the Go For Broke Monument. He also helps raise funds for Japanese American National Museum (JANM). If there is a good project, Paul likes to help and be involved.
]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In 1980, Paul is invited to come to Washington DC and is hired as Executive Director of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC). Paul hires Nisei staff members to help him. One of the tasks of Paul's job is to have hearings throughout the different places of the United States. He asks several Japanese American organizations, one of them is the Japanese American Citizens League, to help gather Japanese Americans to share their experience about evacuation.

Paul has hearings across the United States which leads to the report. He explains why his name is not on the report because he is an evacuee and spends time at Manzanar. Therefore, an attorney is hired to write the report. With the report, the Congressional Senate, and Congress, Paul can subpoena anyone he wants. Paul wants to subpoena the people who made the decisions for evacuation, such as General DeWitt.

After Congress reads the report, Congress recommends reparations be given, and the head of the Government would officially apologize. Later, President Reagan asks Paul to stay to run the Veterans Administration. Pauls knows a lot about veterans and the help they need from his wartime experiences. When Paul retires, he recalls President Reagan giving him a customize belt buckle.

Paul stays busy during his retirement volunteering at the Veterans and Foreign War and Disable American Veterans. He says it is important to help others. Pauls discusses the morals and values passed on to him by his Issei parents, and he passes the same teachings to his children. Paul has three children and five grandchildren.

]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After Japan, Paul has one more year of service. He goes to Fort Lewis, WA. He is assigned to the 2nd Infantry Division, 23rd Regiment, First Sergeant of the Cannon Company. Paul reflects on working with General MacArthur and says he is a good leader.

When Paul is discharged, he faces challenges finding a job and buying a home due to discrimination. Paul is able to persuade a housing contractor to sell homes to Japanese Americans. Paul goes into the real estate business with the motivation to help other Japanese Americans.

Paul establishes his real estate business in Gardena and is active with the city. The next phase of Paul's life is in politics. Paul becomes the Executive Director of Commissioner of Wartime and Relocation Internment of Civilians.

Besides politics, Paul focuses on recording the stories of camp life, 442nd, and the Military Intelligence Service (MIS). Paul's story goes to MGM studios, and a movie is produced. The film is called Go For Broke, and it is a success.

]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After training, Paul goes overseas. In New Guinea, Paul and fifteen Nisei MP and set up a POW camp. His job is to interview the POWs. The next step for General MacArthur is to set up the next landing spot in the Philippines.

General MacArthur's next landing is Leyte Islands. Paul and the MP set up the POW camp for interrogation. Paul recalls the capture of a Japanese sergeant, and he gives the locations of the cannons fired at night. Besides the POWs intel, Paul's team gets the radio signal of the Japanese soldiers and hears their conversations. Paul recalls the Japanese Navy attack and saving the Japanese soldiers from the ship.

Later, Paul receives orders to go to Australia and join the Australian Army unit for translation. Paul and the Australian Army travel to Borneo because there are still many Japanese troops in that area. Paul remembers a case of interrogating a Japanese soldier in the hospital who is a Nisei drafted into the Japanese Army.

In Borneo, there are snipers, and Paul is assigned guards for protection. One of Paul's guards is shot by a sniper, and he tries to save him. Paul is awarded a medal from the Australian government. However, that medal is only awarded to Australian soldiers, and Paul returns the medal.

Paul stays in Borneo to assist with the surrendering ceremonies. After the surrender ceremonies, Paul goes to Manila, Philippines, but his unit leaves for Tokyo, Japan. Before going to Tokyo, Paul flies to Okinawa with other soldiers to help them with trade translations. In Tokyo, Paul learns he is promoted to second lieutenant if he serves during the occupation forces. However, Paul turns down his commission. Paul recalls visiting Kyoto to visit relatives.

]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After graduating high school, Paul applies to several banks. Paul says where he goes, he wants to help people. He learns from his parents to be kind and help others. Therefore, Paul talks to California Bank to open a branch in Little Tokyo, downtown Los Angeles. There are many Japanese American-run businesses in Little Tokyo. Moreover, Paul helps coordinate a banking system in Manzanar.

In addition, Paul works with the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) and writes many letters. Paul feels it is wrong for the United States Military to deny American citizens the right to serve in the United States Army. As a result, the government relinquishes its position and allows Japanese Americans to volunteer in the military. The government realizes the need Japanese speaking people in the military during the Alaskan Campaign. Over 5,000 Japanese Americans served during the Pacific.

When Paul goes into service, his parents put a star in the window. His parents are proud that Paul is serving in the military. Paul is the last one to evacuate to Manzanar and considers defying evacuation orders. Paul discusses three courts involving Japanese Americans and evacuation.

At Camp Shelby, Paul recalls the relationship between the mainland soldiers and the Hawaiian soldiers. Later, Paul goes to Camp Savage for the Military Intelligence Service Language School. Paul is not as fluent in the Japanese language. He studies harder to catch up with his classmates.

After completing training, Paul goes to Michigan to teach the Military Police (MP) elementary Japanese. When he arrives in Michigan, the MPs are needed overseas for the Japanese Prisoners of War (POWs). Paul goes to New Guinea with the MPs.
]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

On December 7, Paul hears about the Pearl Harbor attack, and he reports to the Elective Service Board in Exposition Park. Before December 7, Japanese Americans are classified as 1A. However, after Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans are classified 4C.

Due to the 4C classification, Japanese Americans cannot serve. Paul and a few others from the Japanese American Citizen League (JACL) write a letter expressing their rights as citizens. As a result, the Japanese American classification is changed, and Paul volunteers for the military.

When evacuation orders are announced, Paul's family goes to Manzanar first. Paul delays his evacuation to continue his work at the bank. Later, Paul joins his family at Manzanar briefly before going to Idaho for farming. Through the Quaker's Program, Paul applies for college and goes to Drake University, IA.

]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Race--Racism]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Education--Higher education]]> Identity and values--Women]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Food]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Medical care and health issues]]> Education--Higher education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Responses of non-Japanese Americans]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Law and legislation--Alien land laws--California]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Medical care and health issues]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Education--Japan]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Identity and values--Women]]> Education--Higher education]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maruyama, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Maruyama, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Maruyama, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Community activities]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Community activities]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> World War II--Leaving Camp]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> Arts and literature]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Child rearing]]> Community activities]]> Social activities]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Child rearing]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Muraoka, Victor: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Muraoka, Victor: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Muraoka, Victor: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Muraoka, Victor: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Hayashi, Frank: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]>
Florence Kawagoye, wife of Mitsunori Kawagoye joins the interview in minute eighteen. She recalls her forced removal experiences living near Sacramento, California. She worked as a clerk typist during the Post-War Occupation of Japan beginning in 1948. ]]>
Kawagoye, Mitsunori: narrator]]> Kawagoye, Florence: narrator ]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 March 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Education--Japanese language schools]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values]]> Kawagoye, Mitsunori: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard]]> interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 March 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Kawagoye, Mitsunori: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 March 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
For his service in New Guinea, the Philippines, and Korea, Nob receives the Combat Infantryman Badge, Bronze Star, Presidential Unit Citation, Good Conduct Medal, and some awards from the Philippine Government for his service. The Combat Infantryman Badge is awarded to Nob and nine other Military Intelligence Servicemen (MIS) with the help of Ensign Sherman. Ensign advocated for the 10 MIS to receive the award even though they are not infantrymen.

Nob shares his wartime experiences with his son, Wayne. Wayne works for Treasury Customs Fraud Division and finds a correlation between his job and Nob's experiences with the MIS. Nob decides to share his wartime experience with an oral history because he feels the 100th and 442nd have a lot of publicity for their contributions during World War Two. Therefore, Nob wants to share his war experience. Moreover, Nob discusses discrimination against African Americans and segregation.

Nob says life is what you make of it. Live life to the fullest The best period of Nob's life is when he works as a gardener working six days a week. Moreover, after work, he visits his mother.

At the end of the interview, Nob narrates his photographs from his Army service. ]]>

Later Nob prepares for the invasion of Luzon, Philippines. The first target mission is to hit the American GI Prison Camp. In Luzon, there are Filipino guerrillas who have a different tactic with the POWs. Nob says it is difficult to interrogate POWs if they are wounded. It is better to treat the POWs with humanity for them to corporate. In Manila, Nob is hospitalized and meets Mrs. MacArthur.

After the Philippines, Nob goes to Korea. He serves with the Civil Government working on war crime trials. After his Korea Tour, Nob is discharged, January 3, 1946, at Camp McCoy. Post-war, Nob gets married to Dorthy, and they have four children and several grandchildren.
]]>
Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In 1938, Nob graduates high school. When his younger brother Ace graduates high school a few years later, Ace gives Nob a chance for higher education. However, the war starts.

On December 7, Nob hears the news about Pearl Harbor. Nob says the community of Bell treated his family well. They did not experience any discrimination. In May 1942, Nob and his family go to Manzanar.

At Manzanar, Nob works and plays baseball to pass the time. Later he leaves Manzanar briefly to work on a sugar beet farm in Montana. When he returns to Manzanar, he takes a Military Intelligence Service (MIS) exam and passes.

Nob and ten others from Manzanar go to Camp Savage for six months of training. Nob training focuses on conversational Japanese, Japanese military terms, and kanji. After training, Nob goes overseas to New Guinea.

Nob discusses discrimination in the military and the lack of promotions with Japanese Americans. He recalls Ensign Sherman, an advocate for the MIS. Moreover, Nob describes his experiences with Prisoners of War (POWs) in New Guinea and Luzon, and the Philippines.





]]>
Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> World War II--Military service--Travel, leisure]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Furuto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Embarkation]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--European Theater--Po Valley Campaign]]> World War II--Combat--Weapons--Artillery]]> World War II--Italy]]> Furuto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Race--Race relations]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Responses of non-Japanese Americans]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> Furuto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Child rearing]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Social activities]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Furuto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--European Theater--Central Europe Campaign--Liberation of Dachau Subcamps (522nd Field Artillery Battalion)]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Nagano, Joe: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Nagano, Joe: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Nagano, Joe: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Nagano, Joe: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Nagano, Joe: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Community activities]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> World War II--Department of Justice Internment Camps--Crystal City]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Military service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service--documents, translation of]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> World War II--Social aspects--Japan]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> Identity and values--Parents]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Arts and literature]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Community activities]]> Ozaki, Yoji: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--European Theater--"The Gothic Line"]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Ozaki, Yoji: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> ]]> Ozaki, Yoji: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Work & Jobs]]> Ozaki, Yoji: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Japanese--Legal status, laws, etc.--California]]> Ozaki, Yoji: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Arts and literature]]> Industry and employment--Arts]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Shindo, Takeshi: narrator]]> Yamamoto, Dennis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Identity and values--Nikkei]]> Industry and employment--Arts]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Shindo, Takeshi: narrator]]> Yamamoto, Dennis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Arts and literature]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Industry and employment--Arts]]> Shindo, Takeshi: narrator]]> Yamamoto, Dennis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Shindo, Takeshi: narrator]]> Yamamoto, Dennis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Impact of Concentration]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> Shindo, Takeshi: narrator]]> Yamamoto, Dennis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Education]]> Arts and literature]]> Identity and values]]> Shindo, Takeshi: narrator]]> Yamamoto, Dennis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Takimoto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yoneshige, David: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Takimoto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yoneshige, David: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Takimoto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yoneshige, David: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>