Ray attended Coronado High School and got good grades. He credits his education in Japan for doing well in high school. In addition to Ray's academic studies, he was elected student body treasurer and ran track. Ray was popular with his peers and had many friends.

On December 7, 1941, Ray's life changed when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Many of Ray's friends treated him differently at school, and Ray was forcibly removed to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then to Poston, AZ.

Ray relocated alone because his father was in Crystal City, Texas, and his older brother volunteered for the Army in 1942. Life in the camp was tough, and Ray had to care for himself.

Ray graduated from high school in the camp and left Poston to work in Chicago, IL. Soon after, he found a better job working as a bookkeeper. Ray saved enough money to attend the University of Minnesota, and when his finances ran low, he volunteered for the Army.

Ray started his career as an auditor working in Japan at the Civil Censorship Detachment (CCD) during the occupation. Next, he was a translator in Tokyo civil service and Okinawa civil service. Ray's second time in Japan was with the Air Force Audit Agency and working around Asia. When Ray retired, Northrop offered him a job and traveled to Korea, Saudi Arabia, and various states in the United States for auditing.

In Ray's retirement years, he enjoys playing golf and going on cruises. Ray has been married to the love of his life for 57 years and has three children and three grandchildren. Ray hopes his grandchildren have a good education and a job they enjoy. For the future of America, he hopes there are no more wars.]]>
Mayeda, Ray: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Murumoto, Kimitomo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Bellevue, Washington ]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Tsuneishi, Noel: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Clarence and Robert discuss their employment after graduating high school. Clarence works at a lumber mill and Robert is employed at the Hawaiian cannery. Later, Robert works for defense contractors.

Both Clarence and Robert reflect on the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7 and the effects after. Clarence talks about Marshall Law and the restrictions following the attack. Robert says he feels guilty about Pearl Harbor even though he is Japanese American. He recalls his friends looking at him differently after the bombing, and being labeled an enemy alien. Robert's father tells him, this is your home, you need to protect your country.

When the military announcements for volunteers, Clarence decides to volunteer. He takes his physical exam and passes. He goes to Schofield Barracks and departs to the mainland. Robert decides to volunteer to protect his brothers. Both men go to Camp Shelby and basic training. ]]>
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator
Nagata, Robert: narrator]]>
Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Clarence and Robert discuss their employment after graduating high school. Clarence works at a lumber mill and Robert is employed at the Hawaiian cannery. Later, Robert works for defense contractors.

Both Clarence and Robert reflect on the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7 and the effects after. Clarence talks about Marshall Law and the restrictions following the attack. Robert says he feels guilty about Pearl Harbor even though he is Japanese American. He recalls his friends looking at him differently after the bombing, and being labeled an enemy alien. Robert's father tells him, this is your home, you need to protect your country.

When the military announcements for volunteers, Clarence decides to volunteer. He takes his physical exam and passes. He goes to Schofield Barracks and departs to the mainland. Robert decides to volunteer to protect his brothers. Both men go to Camp Shelby for basic training. ]]>
Nagata, Robert: narrator
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Law and legislation--Alien land laws--California]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Medical care and health issues]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Tadayoshi recalls what San Francisco is like in the 1900s with coal stoves, gaslight street lights, and empty lots to play in. He grows up during the Great Depression era and is grateful for always having food to eat.

Growing up in a bilingual and bicultural family is difficult at times. Tadayoshi speaks Japanese and learns Japanese traditions at home. When interfacing with the public, Tadayoshi speaks English. He has several good friends and describes their childhood activities. Tadayoshi also remembers seeing the development of the Golden Gate Bridge.

After graduating from High School, he attends Berkeley University of California. Tadayoshi recalls December 7 and the events following after. ]]>
Sugiyama, Tadayoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

As a child, Hitoshi's knowledge of Japan is shaped by his parents and Japanese Language School. In 1928, Hitoshi's mother and sisters travel to Japan. Hitoshi has an opportunity to go to Japan during the military occupation.

On December 7, Hitoshi is a junior at the University of Southern California (USC), majoring in Foreign Trade. Hitoshi remembers hearing about the Pearl Harbor attack on his way to school.

Hitoshi recalls the aftermath of Pearl Harbor. December 7, have effects on the Sameshima family members. Hitoshi says his father is questioned by the FBI, Hitoshi's older sister loses her job and Hitoshi receives notice to leave USC.

In March of 1942, the Japanese Americans relocated to assembly centers. There are 16 assembly centers along the coast where the Japanese Americans are interned for three to four months before going to camp.

Hitoshi discusses evacuation and going to camp. Although Hitoshi is going to camp, he wants to continue his education. He receives an acceptance letter from the University of Denver, April 1943. Before going to Denver, Hitoshi signs a loyalty oath. In June 1944, Hitoshi receives a draft notice from Army.

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Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Evacuation of civilians]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]>
Minamide and his brother go visit their Father and recalls saying good-bye. At this time the President declares war on Japan and evacuation notice is announced. Minamide and his family volunteers to evacuate with their family friends to Colorado. He describes the traveling conditions, what they carry and left behind. While traveling to Colorado there are rumors that there is no selling of food and gas to Japanese Americans. However, there is no problem traveling to Colorado. Once in Colorado, the family stays in a chicken coop until they found a house.


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Minamide, Akira: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>

Masato Yamashita and Lloyd Fujitani recall hearing the news about Pearl Harbor on the radio. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, anyone who is a leader of a Japanese Organization is taken away by the FBI. The FBI takes away dozen community leaders from Lodi including his cousin.

The government gives a month's notice for the Japanese Americans to evacuate to the Assembly Centers. The Yamashita family goes to the Stockton Assembly Center for three to four months. Masato describes the living conditions in the barracks at the Fair Grounds. At camp, Masato's neighborhood friend, Mackenzie, comes to visit him. The Fujitani family also goes to the Stockton Assembly Center.

At the Assembly Center, both Lloyd and Masato get jobs. Lloyd gets a job cooking, and Masato gets a job picking up trash. They are there at the Assembly Center for six months, waiting for Rohwer, AK, to finish construction.

Masato and Lloyd compare the security from the Assembly Center and Rohwer. At camp, there are sports, games, and social dances for entertainment. In 1943, Masato graduated high school and goes to Saint Louis for work. Shortly after, he is drafted into the Army. In 1945, Lloyd is drafted into the Army.

Masato and Lloyd talk about their induction and basic training experience before going overseas to the European Theater. Overseas, Masato is in the Third Platoon, First Squad, I Company. His Platoon Sergeant is George Ikeda. Lloyd is in Second Platoon, I Company. His Staff Sergeant is Shiro "Kash" Kashino.

Masato arrives in France approximately three months after the Lost Battalion battle. He is assigned to guard duty on top of a hill and describes the last push.
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Yamashita, Masato: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

As a child, he worked on the farm, and gradually he did more farm labor. The homelife of the Miyamoto family was more westernized and the primary language was English. Maya gave examples of not using chopsticks or taking off their shoes in the house.

On December 7, 1941, Maya heard the news of Pearl Harbor on the radio at home. Two of his brothers were already in the Army service. As a child, Maya did not think much about the effects of war and carried on like usual. The aftermath of Pearl Harbor became more significant when the FBI came to their home and evacuation to Poston, Arizona.

In 1944 Maya went to Phoenix, AZ, for his induction. After completing basic training, Maya was sent to Mobile Intelligence at Camp Ritchie, Maryland, to teach all kinds of weapons from Germany and Japan. Later, Maya was assigned to the Counter Intelligence Group and went to CIC Headquarters at Camp Holabird, Maryland, for training.

In November or December of 1945, Maya landed in Atsugi Field. This was his first time traveling to Japan and leaving California. Maya recalls that the culture and customs were different from the United States. After Atsugi, Maya went to Tokyo. He describes the devastation he saw in the towns and cities. Maya visited the CIC detachment in Chiba where he saw his friend. His friend who worked in Graves Registration was looking for bodies of fliers in Chiba, wondering if they were killed or beheaded.


]]>
Miyamoto, Maya: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Military service--Veteran history]]>
Originally Okubo volunteers for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team but the Military already receives enough soldiers. Later Okubo volunteers again when a request is announce for Japanese Americans with the knowledge of the Japanese language. He recalls traveling to the Mainland, basic training and special training for Military Intelligence Service (MIS).]]>
Okubo, Don: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Identity and values]]>
Due to the Selective Service Act of 1940, Yonemura figures a draft lottery would be called early. The Enemy Alien Law is still in effect and the only way for Yonemura to serve is to join the to army. Yonemura is aware about Military Intelligence Service (MIS) and ask his teachers to write a letter to indicate his loyalty to America.

February of 1942, he receives a notice to report to the army on February 25. Before going to be inducted, Yonemura goes home to say good bye to family. The following day, his Father and his fiancee's Father is pickup by the FBI for association as Nihonjinkai Community Leaders. Yonemura's Father goes to Santa Fe New Mexico Army Installation. Before his loyalty hearing , he ask Yonemura to send him a picture. Yonemura's Father is then release and sent to Poston with the rest of the Family.

Yonemura goes to Camp Robertson for infantry training camp. Fifteen Nisei are assign to each company. The Nisei make up 25% of the training company and the other Nisei are ship to Camp Crowder in Missouri. These Nisei are assign to odd jobs including Yonemura. Yonemura works as a cook and then moves to payroll records. Later he is transfer to Camp Savage as a laborer not for training. With the help of John Iso, Yonemura is able to getting tutoring to get into the Language classes.

When Yonemura is at basic training at Camp Savage, his fiancee, Toshiko is eligible for release from Poston due to a job offer.]]>
Yonemura, Masatatsu: narrator]]> Nakayama, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 04]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]>
Kubota's Mother is afraid he might go to war with his Brother in Japan but she understands why Kubota needs to serve in the army. Before leaving, his coaches sponsor a going away party. Kubota is inducted at Hilo Army and goes to Honolulu. He marches to the Iolani Palace and then goes to Schofield Barrack for attitude testing.

After passing the attitude test, Kubota travels to Camp Shelby for basic training. He is assign to Anti-Tank Company; I Company; 2nd Platoon; 1st squad. In basic training he learns that infantry training, discipline, rifle training, close combat training and 30 mile hikes in the heat.

After basic training over, Kubota is given weekend pass and furloughs . He recalls experiencing discrimination on the Mainland. On furlough, Kubota also visits Jerome. He describes the high guard tower with machine guns place around camp. At Jerome, he sees his Sunday school teacher. Kubota says the Japanese Americans are resilient and are able to take care of themselves. In camp they organize their own school system; recreation center; and hospital. The Japanese people knows how to carry on despite being in camp.

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Kubota, Sadaichi: narrator]]> Matsunaga, Ford: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
Furumoto, Howard: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998-07-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>