At school, there were not many Japanese American students. The first part of Enoch’s school years was at a country school. After moving to the city, he attended a city school district. Enoch also attends Japanese Language School briefly. On the weekends, Enoch helped his father at the family store.

Besides school and helping his father, Enoch had a carefree childhood enjoying cowboy movies and watching sports games. He describes having fun exploring different Naval ships during Navy Week in Portland. Moreover, Enoch was social in the Japanese Community through the Medothist Church.

On December 7, Enoch’s life changed like many other Japanese Americans. Soon after the Declaration of War, restrictions were issued for a curfew and turned in weapons and radios. Enoch was unsure of the future. In April 1942, Enoch and his family arrived at the Assembly Center. Enoch recalls hearing news about the draft and receiving his 4C card from the Draft Board in Minidoka. ]]>
Kanaya, Enoch; narrator]]> Yamagami, Don; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-06-25]]> Oral Histories]]>

As a youth, Taira is aware of world events from the LA Times. He reads about land leasing and the war overseas. However, Taira thinks poverty is more important news in those days. On December 7, Taira is playing football with the Japanese American kids. He recalls Charlie Chaplin is filming the movie The Great Dictator across the street.

The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, Taira goes to school on the bus. The school has an assembly and shows support for the Japanese Americans. He discusses the treatment after December 7, and he does not realize the severity of the situation until the evacuation.

Besides evacuation, there are curfew hours. Taira says he only goes to school and straight comes home. Moreover, He recalls neighbors coming and taking the plants from the front yard and asking low prices for their belongings.

Taira believes his family is the first to go to camp because his relatives volunteer to help build Manzanar. Taira's brother loses his job after Pearl Harbor and decides to help with the construction of Manzanar.

Taira describes the living condition at Manzanar. Briefly, He leaves camp to work on a farm in Idaho and attends Idaho Falls High School. However, working and going to school is tough. He returns to Manzanar and finishes high school in the camp. He studies journalism and is the senior editor.

In camp, Taira answers the loyalty questionnaire and explains the different possibilities of answering the questionnaire. In 1944, he is drafted into the Army with his brother Jim. Taira and Jim, go to Fort Douglas, and the other Nisei go to Camp Blanding or Camp Hood.

Camp Hood is for the anti-tank unit. However, Taira is a rife replacement for the 442nd. Taira is assigned to Company A 140th Battalion, and their unit is known as the Flying A. He describes life in basic training. His training is cut from 18 weeks to 16 weeks due to the Battle of Bulge.
]]>
Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Draft resisters]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yenokida, Susumu: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 July 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Colorado, Denver]]>
In 1938, Harold graduates high school and goes to the University of Washington for two years. Harold recalls the attack on Pearl Harbor. His brother, Masanori, is still in Japan studying abroad. However, Masanori makes it back to the United States on the last ship to Seattle. Harold discusses the effects of Pearl Harbor and the family's grocery store.

When evacuation orders are announced, Harold and his family go to Puyallup and then to Minidoka. He describes the living conditions at the camp. The Army is asking for volunteers for the 442nd. However, Harold is not accepted. Then after three months at Minidoka, Harold goes to harvest crops in Twin Falls. In Twin Falls, Harold and Edith get married.

In Denver, Harold receives his draft notice from the Army. June of 1944, Harold is inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah, and goes to Camp Shelby for basic training.]]>
Horiuchi, Harold: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Oishi, Hal: narrator]]> Dennehy, Kristine: interviewer]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> Hayashi, Shigeru: narrator]]> Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomo, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]>
Another social event is movies at the Japanese Community Center or going to the movie theater. The churches also have social events for the Japanese American Communities.

During their school years, they did not recall hearing much about world events. They remember Joe is a good student and he enjoys repairing things. Chiye shares how Joe signs up for the Army.

Chiye and Seichi recall Pearl Harbor and December 7. ]]>
Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Jumpei grows up in Montebello and helps his father with farming. Jumpei's favorite sport is baseball. He has one sister, Chizuko, and one brother, Kay.

Jumpei discusses his school years from attending Laguna Elementary School in Montebello, high school, and Japanese Language School. His favorite activity at school is sports, especially baseball. During his free time, he rides his bike, goes hiking, and participates in Boy Scouts. On Sundays, he attends Christian Church in Montebello.

In 1939, he graduated high school and continued to help his father with farming. Jumpei recalls the Pearl Harbor aftermath. Jumpei's family goes to Santa Anita Assembly Center when evacuation orders are announced. After six months, Jumpei goes to Detroit, MI, for work, and then he is drafted into the Army.

After basic training, Jumpei goes overseas to Europe. He is assigned to Company D, Heavy Weapons. He shares a story of how his Squad Leader keeps the unit safe from the German soldiers.

When the war ends, Jumpei stays in Italy for three months before returning back to the United States. He goes to Chicago to reunite with his parents. Post-war, Jumpei looks for mechanic work.





]]>
Mine, Jumpei: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Fujimoto, Fumio: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Loyalty Questionnaire]]> World War II--Military recruitment]]> Ouchi, Albert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
When Pearl Harbor was attacked, James was a sophomore in high school. He recalls evacuation and going to the Portland Stockyards. Later the family volunteers to work on a farm in Nyssa, OR, pulling sugar beets.

In Nyssa, James was on a boxing team in high school, and he also played baseball. James's boxing class was 120, and his record was five draws and five wins (within two years).

The Farming Servicing Administration (FSA) ran the tent camp in Nyssa. James recalls the housing was awful. However, his mother took the responsibility of cooking the meals and making the tent space livable for the family. The Fujii family lived at the tent camp for two years, and James recalled the winter months being cold.

At Nyssa, there were many people from Troutdale and Gresham area. Ten miles away from Nyssa, there was a CCC camp. The families from Nyssa were supposed to move there in the third year. However, the war ended. The CCC camp was an upgrade from Nyssa's tent camp.

While the Fujii family was at Nyssa, James' brother, Kazuo, went into service and visited the family on furlough. James recalls that wartime changed Kazuo's personality.

]]>
Fujii, James: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Ray emphasizes the value of family and friendship. He says relationships are important to him. During his school years, he recalls influential teachers and friends that impacted his life.

When Ray is in the seventh grade, he travels to Japan with his mother to visit his ill grandmother. Ray is gone for several months. However, he can catch up with his school assignments. Besides primary school, Ray attends Japanese Language School.

Ray recalls December 7 and going to the assembly center. Ray's family tries to stay together as long as they can. However, they go their separate ways. Ray is drafted and goes to Camp Hood and Fort Snelling. ]]>
Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Education]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Asato, Jotoku: narrator]]> Oka, Leonard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Shima, Terry T.: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Washington, D.C.]]>
Kenichi has the utmost respect and appreciation for his father. He says his father is hardworking to provide for the family. Kenichi comes from a family of nine siblings. Kenichi discusses his childhood and his school years in Gardena.

Life changes for Kenichi and his family Kenichi after the Pearl Harbor attack. He recalls the aftermath and the announcement of Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). The Muranaga family evacuates to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then Amache, CO.

Kenichi leaves camp to work at a few jobs before getting drafted into the Army. When Kenichi is in basic training, he receives news of his oldest brother, Kiyoshi's death overseas. ]]>
Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After the Pearl Harbor attack, there are some restrictions in place. One of them being curfew time. Leo's basketball coach has to get a permit for Leo to be out past curfew to participate in the basketball game. Later, President Truman signs Executive Order 9066 placing thousands of Japanese Americans into camp. Leo discusses the effects of EO9066 and his family in Salinas, California. Leo's family farm also is searched by the FBI.

Before volunteering for service, Leo attends Northern Montana College for a year. The Morishita family is proud of Kenzo, Leo, and Yukata for joining the Army. The Morishita brothers are inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah. Leo does don't leave at the same time with his brothers because of his feet. Leo joins Kenzo and Yutaka six weeks later at Camp Shelby.

At Camp Shelby, Leo does nine months of basic training, He describes the different training he learns and the discrimination in the South. Even though there is discrimination, there is one kind person Leo meets. He shares his story about Earl Finch and his acts of kindness towards the Nisei.

Overseas, Leo lands in Naples, Italy, and learns there is a need for riflemen. He is no longer a medic. Leo is given a browning automatic rifle.]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Leo grows up on the farm with four siblings. In Idaho Falls, there is a Japanese School that Leo attends after primary school and on Saturdays. Besides school, Leo participates in sports. On Sundays, Leo would attend Mormon Church but later attends a Methodist Church.

At home, Leo speaks primarily Japanese. He enjoys listening to the radio, hunting, and fishing. On New Year, Leo's mother prepares a special meal and invites friends to their house.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, Leo recalls curfews and restrictions that are enforced. ]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Festivals, celebrations, and holidays]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Tsuji, Isami Mike: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Inouye, Henry: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Clarence and Robert discuss their employment after graduating high school. Clarence works at a lumber mill and Robert is employed at the Hawaiian cannery. Later, Robert works for defense contractors.

Both Clarence and Robert reflect on the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7 and the effects after. Clarence talks about Marshall Law and the restrictions following the attack. Robert says he feels guilty about Pearl Harbor even though he is Japanese American. He recalls his friends looking at him differently after the bombing, and being labeled an enemy alien. Robert's father tells him, this is your home, you need to protect your country.

When the military announcements for volunteers, Clarence decides to volunteer. He takes his physical exam and passes. He goes to Schofield Barracks and departs to the mainland. Robert decides to volunteer to protect his brothers. Both men go to Camp Shelby and basic training. ]]>
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator
Nagata, Robert: narrator]]>
Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Clarence and Robert discuss their employment after graduating high school. Clarence works at a lumber mill and Robert is employed at the Hawaiian cannery. Later, Robert works for defense contractors.

Both Clarence and Robert reflect on the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7 and the effects after. Clarence talks about Marshall Law and the restrictions following the attack. Robert says he feels guilty about Pearl Harbor even though he is Japanese American. He recalls his friends looking at him differently after the bombing, and being labeled an enemy alien. Robert's father tells him, this is your home, you need to protect your country.

When the military announcements for volunteers, Clarence decides to volunteer. He takes his physical exam and passes. He goes to Schofield Barracks and departs to the mainland. Robert decides to volunteer to protect his brothers. Both men go to Camp Shelby for basic training. ]]>
Nagata, Robert: narrator
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Lillian identifies with her Japanese heritage, but after the war, she realizes there is a need to emphasize being American. She recalls three individuals that show support to the Japanese American Community and her family.

Lillian and her family are sent to Puyallup and Minidoka. She describes the living conditions and life behind barb wires. At Minidoka, she meets John Matsudaira. John volunteers for service and leaves in June 1943. They stay in contact through correspondences.

Lillian leaves camp and goes to Ohio and Philadelphia to reunite with her sisters Fran and Ruby. ]]>
Matsudaira, Lilian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Sato, Robert Satoshi: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Identity and values]]> Hagiwara, Patrick: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Race--Racism]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Nunotani, Wallace: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 May 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> Child rearing]]> Yoshihara, George: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
In 1934, James' father passed away, and the family stuck together to survive. Although James lost his father and later his brother, he did not change until World War Two because he was separated from his family. James was living in Guadalupe when Pearl Harbor was attacked.

A few days later, the Army moved into the community to patrol the streets. He recalls an encounter with a soldier going home. James said he was used to seeing the soldiers around because, before Pearl Harbor, the National Guards would come through town for the summer practices. There was a National Guard Headquarters 30 miles away from the community.

James recalled the FBI coming to his house asking for his father. James informed them that his father passed away, and the FBI left. Other families James knew had a different experience with the FBI. James recalled there were curfews and travel restrictions. Several months later, there was an evacuation notice. The Japanese Americans had no power or rights regardless of how they felt. The Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) could only listen to the government. The JACL was not able to make suggestions.

Assembly Center
James did own any treasures and only packed what he could carry to camp. James and his family evacuated to an Assembly Center. He described the living conditions and the guards posted at the gate. James would work inside the relocation center as an ambulance driver.
]]>
Murata, James: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Frank discusses his school years. In Vacaville, he attended primary school and Japanese Language School. Later, when the family moved to Cordelia, he went to a small grammar school and attended Sunday school at a Lutheran Church. After five years, Frank's family moved to San Jose. When Frank went overseas during wartime, he missed the valleys of San Jose the most. The valley was the most beautiful when the flowers were blooming.

In high school, Frank enrolled at a Prep Ministry school in Oakland. He graduated high school in 1936. Being the oldest son, Frank had responsibilities to the family. Therefore, he worked on the strawberry farm to help his parents. Later, Frank's family moved to Santa Clara and rented an area for farming.

In 1941, Frank moved to Los Angeles to help his half-brother in the trucking business. He recalls hearing the news about Pearl Harbor and shares his reaction to the event.

After President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, there were restrictions for the Japanese Americans. Frank's first reaction to Executive Order 9066 was the government could not do this to American citizens. He could only comply with the government orders because his parents taught him to respect authority.

Frank evacuated to Santa Anita Assembly Center with the Japanese Americans from Mountain View Palo Alto and later to Heart Mountain. Frank only took what he could carry to camp. ]]>
Shimada, Sumio Frank: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In 1938, Nob graduates high school. When his younger brother Ace graduates high school a few years later, Ace gives Nob a chance for higher education. However, the war starts.

On December 7, Nob hears the news about Pearl Harbor. Nob says the community of Bell treated his family well. They did not experience any discrimination. In May 1942, Nob and his family go to Manzanar.

At Manzanar, Nob works and plays baseball to pass the time. Later he leaves Manzanar briefly to work on a sugar beet farm in Montana. When he returns to Manzanar, he takes a Military Intelligence Service (MIS) exam and passes.

Nob and ten others from Manzanar go to Camp Savage for six months of training. Nob training focuses on conversational Japanese, Japanese military terms, and kanji. After training, Nob goes overseas to New Guinea.

Nob discusses discrimination in the military and the lack of promotions with Japanese Americans. He recalls Ensign Sherman, an advocate for the MIS. Moreover, Nob describes his experiences with Prisoners of War (POWs) in New Guinea and Luzon, and the Philippines.





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Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Teragawa, Robert: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 June 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Education]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Fujimoto, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 April 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Matsukawa, Shigeru: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Oye, Suneko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 October 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Child rearing]]> Oye, Tetsuya Ted: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 May 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Tule Lake]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Pinedale]]> Tsuchimochi, Minoru: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bloomington, Minnesota ]]> Education]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Inami, Frank: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Emeryville, California ]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]>
Hirose recalls going to Santa Anita Temporary Detention Center and then to Tule Lake Concentration Center. Before forced removal, Hirose's Father would help others in need. In camp and after camp Hirose experiences the gratitude of those his Father help. ]]>
Hirose, Mutsuo: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 May 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Military service]]> Nishioka, Atsuo: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Nakamura, Horace: narrator]]> Tagami, Steve: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 February 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Education]]> Community activities]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Race--Race relations]]> World War II--Mass Removal ("Evacuation")--Preparation]]> Shibata, Henry: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II]]> Oshita, Margaret: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> Social activities]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Oshita, Margaret: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Kauai, Hawaii]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Portland]]> Teramura, Yasu: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]>
James recalls the day of the bombing of Pearl harbor. He says it is regular business at the Kobayashi's family restaurant. However, the following days after, business slowed down. In San Bernardino, there are not many effects on Japanese Americans because not a lot of Japanese Americans lived in the area. Many of the Japanese farmers moved to Coachella and Riverside because the farming soil is better.

The bombing of Pearl harbor created restrictions such as a curfew and a notice of evacuation for Japanese Americans. The Kobayashi family sells their restaurant and temporarily lives at the Japanese Church before evacuation.

James describes arriving at Poston, Arizona, and living conditions. James is at Poston for a year for going to Utah and Chicago for work. In Chicago, he receives his draft notice and beings his Army life. ]]>
Kobayashi, James: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Work & Jobs]]> Ozaki, Yoji: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> Wada, Frank: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> Industry and employment--Fishing and canneries]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Ishihara, George: narrator]]> Tagami, Steve: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-06]]>

]]>
eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Ito, Sueo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> Umeda, Ben: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Marina, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Takao, Frank: narrator]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 September 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Social activities]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> Sato, Roy: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Rancho Cordova, California ]]> Education]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yano, Robert: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> Education]]> Identity and values]]> Social activities]]> Yano, Robert: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Tahara, Nash: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 February 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service]]> Hara, Mike: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 April 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--Curfews]]> World War II--Japanese Americans]]> Tokiwa, Rudy: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-06-03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Mountain View, California]]> World War II--Causes]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--"War Hysteria"]]> Fukuhara, Harry: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-06-02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Mountain View, California]]> Military service--Pre-World War II service]]> Race--Military segregation]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Tsubota, Shigeru: narrator
]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-04-02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>

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