Identity and values--Family]]> Religion and churches]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Shikashio, Jim: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Idaho]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Social activities]]> Yamamoto, Albert: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 June 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Roseville, Minnesota ]]>
Chiye's family lives in Salinas, CA, before moving to Los Angeles, CA, after Chiye's father passes away. In Pasadena, Chiye's mother meets Seichi's father and remarries.

Chiye, Henry, and Seiichi describe their parents and their childhood going up in Salinas and Pasadena. They all attend Japanese Language School besides attending primary school.

Chiye is closest to Joe because they are fourteen months apart in age. One of Joe's hobbies is raising pigeons. ]]>
Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Kusunoki, Manabu Bruce: narrator]]> Jones, Erica: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 March 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Portland]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Fujii, Thomas: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 September 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Ray emphasizes the value of family and friendship. He says relationships are important to him. During his school years, he recalls influential teachers and friends that impacted his life.

When Ray is in the seventh grade, he travels to Japan with his mother to visit his ill grandmother. Ray is gone for several months. However, he can catch up with his school assignments. Besides primary school, Ray attends Japanese Language School.

Ray recalls December 7 and going to the assembly center. Ray's family tries to stay together as long as they can. However, they go their separate ways. Ray is drafted and goes to Camp Hood and Fort Snelling. ]]>
Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Japan--During World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kawamoto, Frank Minoru: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tokyo, Japan ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Turlock]]> Ichikawa, Grant Hayao: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia ]]>
In grammar school in Salinas, CA, Robert's first-grade teacher could not pronounce his Japanese name. Therefore, she gives him the name Robert. In school, Robert excels in his studies and plays sports. He says his teachers are his mentors and teach him many things. In addition to attending primary school, Robert attends Japanese Language School.

Before moving to Watsonville, CA, his family lives in Tulare and Speckles. Robert describes his childhood homes in the farming community. Robert spends his free time going to church, watching movies, playing marbles, or playing with his dog. ]]>
Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Leo grows up on the farm with four siblings. In Idaho Falls, there is a Japanese School that Leo attends after primary school and on Saturdays. Besides school, Leo participates in sports. On Sundays, Leo would attend Mormon Church but later attends a Methodist Church.

At home, Leo speaks primarily Japanese. He enjoys listening to the radio, hunting, and fishing. On New Year, Leo's mother prepares a special meal and invites friends to their house.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, Leo recalls curfews and restrictions that are enforced. ]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Race--Segregation]]> Tsuji, Isami Mike: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> Tsuji, Isami Mike: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Tsuneishi, Noel: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Education]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Masuda, Kaoru: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Merced, California ]]>
Tommy is the oldest of the children. He has a sister and two brothers. Tommy's first childhood home is on a farm. Growing up, he helps his father on the farm. If Tommy has free time, he hangs out with his friends and goes to the skating ring and movies.

Tommy recalls his school years and being the teachers' favorite student. Besides attending primary school, he goes to Japanese language school. After graduating high school in 1939, Tommy worked on a farm other than his family farm to earn money. Tommy also works at a home appliance store in Gardena, CA, as a delivery man.

On December 7, 1941, Tommy hears the news about Pearl Harbor while eating breakfast at his regular restaurant. He does not experience discrimination. Growing up, Tommy does not experience discrimination either. He says he feels the same as everyone since he was born and raised in the United States.

Tommy recalls the evacuation notices and preparing to go to Santa Anita Assembly Center. He describes the living conditions and feeling degraded. Tommy says there is nothing you can do but accept the situation, shikata ga nai.


]]>
Mayekawa, Tommy: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Hishinuma, Ramsay: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> Identity and values]]> Suzuki, James: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 September 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
John recalls his team member, Jim Teshima, and their family relationship. After one year in the Philippines, John returned to the United States. John was discharged in 1946, and at the end of his military career, he was a T4 (Buck Sergeant). John mentions the ranking difference between the hakujins and nihonjins in the military.

Three months later, he worked for the Federal government. He worked for the VA for five years at Fort Snelling and later transferred to the IRS. Besides working, John continued his education and completed his degree.

John is married and has four children and six grandchildren.]]>
Takekawa, John: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Casualties]]> Matsumoto, Willard: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 March 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]>
Susumu discusses his childhood and home life. At home, they speak Japanese and Susumu attends Japanese Language School. Around the age of eleven or twelve years old, he goes to Japan for several months to visit his Grandmother, who is ill. He describes the difference between Japan and Hawaii.

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Susumu recalls his father and Taru being sent to camp, and Richard is questioned by the FBI. Susumu himself is drafted into the Army. ]]>
Sarae, Susumu: narrator]]> Tsukano, Lloyd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Kajiwara, Kent: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> Tsuya, Roy: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]>
At Fort Snelling, Sam recalls relying on himself to learn the material taught in training. When Sam's parents left Minidoka, he asked John Aiso for leave. Sam is approved to leave for a few hours for his family. If he missed classes, there was no option to repeat the course. Classes are five days a week, and there was time to attend church Sunday. For social activities, there were dances and movies.

With the training at Fort Snelling, Sam saw a progression in his Japanese language skills. He learns how to interrogate Prisoners of War (POWs). After graduating from training, Sam's graduating class went to the Philippines. However, they stopped in Hawaii because the troopship needed repairs. The ship docks in Hawaii for ten days. Some of the graduating class were Hawaiian soldiers, and their families prepared a luau dinner almost every night.

When Sam got close to the Philippines, the war ended. In the Philippines, Sam's graduating class was interviewed and then classified for their assignments. After a month, Sam went to occupation Japan. Sam was assigned to Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), and he works with a railroad Battalion in Yokohama. Sam's job was to interpret.

He was stationed at the railroad for almost a year. During Sam's vacation, he traveled around Japan, visiting relatives and sightseeing.
]]>
Saito, Isamu: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> Religion and churches]]> Social activities]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Ushijima, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Miyashiro, George: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Takahashi, Hideo: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 12 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Koyama, George: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Hiraoka, Yoshimi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-05-27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Rancho Palos Verdes, California ]]>
Ken's father immigrated to the United States from Fukushima-ken, Japan, to help his family financially. In Sacramento, he worked in the rice field and a cannery. After saving enough money, he opened a delicatessen store in Downtown Sacramento. Ken's mother was a housewife who cared for seven children (five boys and two girls).

Ken grew up in a farming background in Sacramento. He enjoyed being outdoors, playing with his friends, and watching movies. The family moved around several times before setting in the Bay area.

Before the Pearl Harbor attack, Ken had aspirations to graduate High School and attend college. On December 7, Ken was at home listening to the radio when he heard the news about Pearl Harbor.

When Executive Order 9066 was signed by the President, Ken's family evacuated from their residence. Ken and his family went to Tanforan Assembly Center. He described the living conditions and life at Tanforan before going to Topaz, Utah.




]]>
Nihei, Ken: narrator]]> Hanamura, Wendy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Kojimoto, Mitsunobu: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Child rearing]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> Matsuda, Don: narrator]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> Identity and values]]> Fujimoto, Kunio: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Mukai, George Taizo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 May 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Manhattan, New York ]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service]]> Hara, Mike: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 April 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>