World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kawahara, Takashi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-04-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 March 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Kanegai, Yoshio George: narrator]]> Yamada, Gayle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-04-08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School--Presidio, San Francisco]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Australia (Allied Translator and Interpreter Section)]]> Yamamoto, Steve: narrator ]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 November 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service]]> Yamane, Kazuo: narrator ]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Japanese Americans]]> Sako, Joe: narrator ]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 1]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Tanaka, Earl: narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center]]> 1995 July 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Journalism]]> Education]]> Tanaka, Earl: narrator]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center]]> 1995 July 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Mizuki, Hideo; narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center ]]> 1996 August 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Takahashi, Suguru: narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Veteren Memorial Center]]> 1996 April 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Italy]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Matsumoto, Clarence: narrator ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center]]> 1995 April 29 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Matsumoto, Clarence: narrator ]]> Nisei Memorial Veteran Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Memorial Veteran Center]]> 1995 April 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Vosges--"Rescue of the Lost Battalion"]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Kuwahara, Arthur: narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center]]> 2000 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kubota, Toshio: narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center]]> 1997 October 13]]> eng ]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Ikeda, Takeo: narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Veterans Memorial Center]]> 2000 January 5]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Italy]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Mori, Tom: narrator ]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 8]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Ogawa, Edward: narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center]]> 1996]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii ]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Nishijima, Ronald: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 August 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]>
As a youth, Taira is aware of world events from the LA Times. He reads about land leasing and the war overseas. However, Taira thinks poverty is more important news in those days. On December 7, Taira is playing football with the Japanese American kids. He recalls Charlie Chaplin is filming the movie The Great Dictator across the street.

The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, Taira goes to school on the bus. The school has an assembly and shows support for the Japanese Americans. He discusses the treatment after December 7, and he does not realize the severity of the situation until the evacuation.

Besides evacuation, there are curfew hours. Taira says he only goes to school and straight comes home. Moreover, He recalls neighbors coming and taking the plants from the front yard and asking low prices for their belongings.

Taira believes his family is the first to go to camp because his relatives volunteer to help build Manzanar. Taira's brother loses his job after Pearl Harbor and decides to help with the construction of Manzanar.

Taira describes the living condition at Manzanar. Briefly, He leaves camp to work on a farm in Idaho and attends Idaho Falls High School. However, working and going to school is tough. He returns to Manzanar and finishes high school in the camp. He studies journalism and is the senior editor.

In camp, Taira answers the loyalty questionnaire and explains the different possibilities of answering the questionnaire. In 1944, he is drafted into the Army with his brother Jim. Taira and Jim, go to Fort Douglas, and the other Nisei go to Camp Blanding or Camp Hood.

Camp Hood is for the anti-tank unit. However, Taira is a rife replacement for the 442nd. Taira is assigned to Company A 140th Battalion, and their unit is known as the Flying A. He describes life in basic training. His training is cut from 18 weeks to 16 weeks due to the Battle of Bulge.
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Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In 1938, Harold graduates high school and goes to the University of Washington for two years. Harold recalls the attack on Pearl Harbor. His brother, Masanori, is still in Japan studying abroad. However, Masanori makes it back to the United States on the last ship to Seattle. Harold discusses the effects of Pearl Harbor and the family's grocery store.

When evacuation orders are announced, Harold and his family go to Puyallup and then to Minidoka. He describes the living conditions at the camp. The Army is asking for volunteers for the 442nd. However, Harold is not accepted. Then after three months at Minidoka, Harold goes to harvest crops in Twin Falls. In Twin Falls, Harold and Edith get married.

In Denver, Harold receives his draft notice from the Army. June of 1944, Harold is inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah, and goes to Camp Shelby for basic training.]]>
Horiuchi, Harold: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Shikashio, Jim: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Idaho]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Hinazumi, Robert: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Ishikawa, Moffet: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 March 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California ]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Work & Jobs]]> Kobayashi, George: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010-04-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> Yoshida, Ronald: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010-02-15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> North Ridge, California]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Australia (Allied Translator and Interpreter Section)]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> Muranaka, Reynold: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 November 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Lakewood, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Varsity Victory Volunteers]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> about the unfair discharge of Japanese American volunteers. He describes what it was like being in the Varsity Victory Volunteers. He explains his feelings towards Japanese soldiers. He discusses the pressure to prove his loyalty because of his heritage. He talks about volunteering for the military. ]]> Higashino, Edwin: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Tanabe, Jim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Marianas Islands--Saipan, Tinian and Guam]]> Shishido, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Military service]]> Ikemori, Jiro: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Kamemoto, Mitsugi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]>
Seiichi and his family go to Pomona Fair Grounds then to Heart Mountain. Chiye and her in-laws arrive at Heart Mountain a month later. During this time, Henry and Joe are at Fort Sheridan. Henry is assigned to the mortar pool company. Henry's family is at Santa Anita and then goes to Amache, Co.

Chiye and Seiichi recount camp life at Heart Mountain and the living conditions. Henry describes the effects of Pearl Harbor on the Japanese Americans in service.
]]>
Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Another social event is movies at the Japanese Community Center or going to the movie theater. The churches also have social events for the Japanese American Communities.

During their school years, they did not recall hearing much about world events. They remember Joe is a good student and he enjoys repairing things. Chiye shares how Joe signs up for the Army.

Chiye and Seichi recall Pearl Harbor and December 7. ]]>
Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Kusunoki, Manabu Bruce: narrator]]> Jones, Erica: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 March 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
In Ridley, Frank and his parents work on a peach farm until they receive evacuation orders. Previously, Frank grows up with mainly Caucasian people. After moving to Ridley, a farming community, and Poston, Frank discusses the culture shock.

Frank and his parents go to Poston, Camp 3, and he recounts the living conditions. At Poston, Frank continues his education, and his parents find jobs within the camp. Frank recalls his mother's family are relocated to Gila River.

In June of 1943, Frank and his parents leave Poston. Frank finishes high School and gets a job analyzing paint. In January of 1945, Frank receives his draft notice and starts his military career. ]]>
Hiratsuka, Frank: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> Kawakami, Jack: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008-11-20]]> emg]]> Oral Histories]]> Glenview, Chicago]]> Education--Primary education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Arrests, searches, and seizures]]> Harada, Hideo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 September 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Industry and employment]]> Education]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Fujii, Thomas: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 September 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Ray emphasizes the value of family and friendship. He says relationships are important to him. During his school years, he recalls influential teachers and friends that impacted his life.

When Ray is in the seventh grade, he travels to Japan with his mother to visit his ill grandmother. Ray is gone for several months. However, he can catch up with his school assignments. Besides primary school, Ray attends Japanese Language School.

Ray recalls December 7 and going to the assembly center. Ray's family tries to stay together as long as they can. However, they go their separate ways. Ray is drafted and goes to Camp Hood and Fort Snelling. ]]>
Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

The Fujii family lives in a farming community, and the family all works on the farm. Edward and his siblings attend Troutdale Grade School and Gresham High School.

On December 7, Edward and his family are working on the farm when they hear the news about Pearl Harbor. Edward discusses the aftermath of Pearl Harbor.

The Fujii family goes to the assembly center and later is relocated to Nyssa, OR. When Edward and his family return to Troutdale, he receives his draft notice from the Army.


]]>
Fujii, Edward: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Japan--During World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kawamoto, Frank Minoru: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tokyo, Japan ]]>
After Coolidge's father passed away, the family moved to Honolulu. His mother worked hard to support the family. At age fifteen, Coolidge went to the mainland for higher education. He settled in California and found a job as a houseboy. Coolidge attended Berkeley High School.

On December 7, Coolidge attended church and learned the news when he went home. Coolidge did not feel any discrimination when he moved to the mainland. His employer and classmates at high school treated him fairly. The following day after Pearl Harbor, Coolidge went to school. He continued to focus on his educational goals.

When Executive Order 9066 was signed, Coolidge and his brother reported to Tanforan. After three to fourth months in Tanforan, Coolidge was sponsored to leave the camp to go to New York. In 1944 Coolidge graduated high school in New York and applied for college. He attended Grinnell College in Iowa with financial assistance from scholarships and a family from Kauai. After his first year of college, Coolidge was drafted into the military.

Coolidge was inducted at Fort Sheridan and shipped to Camp Blanding, Florida. During basic training, Coolidge made many friends and had a good relationship with everyone.

Overseas, he was assigned to Company B, 3rd Platoon. Coolidge's first battle was in the mountains near Carrara, Italy. After Coolidge's first battle in Italy, he kept moving up the mountains above Leghorn. Coolidge recalls not showering for one month.

Coolidge recalls climbing Po Valley with his gear. Besides climbing the rigorous terrain, food was scarce. Later, the 100th and 442nd were called to France for the Gothic Line because the military needed the left flank to be covered. Coolidge was attached to the 92nd Division.

When the war ended, Coolidge was in the mountains. There were no roads in the mountains. Therefore, airplanes dropped down the rations for them. Being overseas, Coolidge missed hot cook meals. He was living off of C rations and K rations.
]]>
Wakai, Coolidge: narrator]]> Yee, T.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Industry and employment--Small business]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> Race--Race relations]]> Hokama, Masatoshi: narrator]]> Mizouki: J.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 December 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Wailuku (Maui), Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Immigration and citizenship]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> World War II--European Theater--Central Europe Campaign--Liberation of Dachau Subcamps (522nd Field Artillery Battalion)]]> Nakamura, Shigeru: narrator]]> Mizouchi, J.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 December 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> Tamayose, Masanobu: narrator]]> Tanaka, M.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 December 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Social activities]]> Murakami, Howard Muneo: narrator]]> Oka, Leonard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 December 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Kazumura, Larry: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> ]]> Sato, Frank Saburo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kaseguma, Paul Shigeki: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-11-15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington ]]>
Kenichi has the utmost respect and appreciation for his father. He says his father is hardworking to provide for the family. Kenichi comes from a family of nine siblings. Kenichi discusses his childhood and his school years in Gardena.

Life changes for Kenichi and his family Kenichi after the Pearl Harbor attack. He recalls the aftermath and the announcement of Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). The Muranaga family evacuates to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then Amache, CO.

Kenichi leaves camp to work at a few jobs before getting drafted into the Army. When Kenichi is in basic training, he receives news of his oldest brother, Kiyoshi's death overseas. ]]>
Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

On the day of the evacuation, the Japanese American families living in Irvington met at the school ground and went to Tanforan on the Greyhound bus. Minoru describes the living conditions in the horse stables and assembling their straw mattress.

Minoru and his family left Tanforan after a few months, and they were sent to Topaz, Utah, by train. Arriving at Topaz, there were barbed wires and guard towers at Topaz. Minoru describes the living conditions and life in the camp. Besides attending classes, Minoru worked clearing the sagebrush.

In Topaz, a loyalty questionnaire was given to all the internees. Minoru's father did not answer questions 27 and 28 and was sent to Tule Lake. Minoru went to Tule Lake to visit his father, but he left for farming in Idaho with George and Harry. After Minoru was reclassified 1A, he was drafted into the Military. Minoru remembered leaving Topaz at night to Fort Douglas due to the Kibeis.

At Fort Douglas, Minoru took his physical exam and requested to join the Air Force. Minoru was declined for the Air Force but was accepted for the Military. Later Minoru went to Camp Shelby and was shocked by how different it is from California. After weeks of training, Minoru picked up the Hawaiian language.

Post-war, Minoru revisited Topaz, Utah, and saw a plaque with the names who served in the Military. However, many names were missing including Minoru and his brothers. There was a petition to add the missing names.





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Miyasaki, Minoru: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Robert packs his bags and goes to San Francisco, CA. He reports to Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi. At Keesler, Robert is in mechanic school, with no basic training. He works as an airplane mechanic short term before he is transferred to Camp Blanding Hospital as an X-ray technician.

Robert says his friends are drafted before him and faces discrimination in the military after Pearl Harbor. He shares stories of their experiences. The following day of the Pearl Harbor attack, Robert says everyone treated him the same. He did not experience any discrimination or mistreatment like his friends.

Robert is at Camp Shelby for four weeks. He reunites with his friends from home. After four weeks, Robert receives new orders to report to the Headquarters Company part of the 442nd. He gets a one-way ticket to Camp Savage. He discusses the relationship between the Mainland soldiers and the Hawaiian soldiers.
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Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

At an early age, Dan has many responsibilities beyond his years. He works in the family business and cares for his siblings. Life is a struggle, but Dan is grateful for the learning opportunities.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, the FBI takes away Dan's father to a detention center. Then evacuation orders are announced. Dan leaves the University of California, Berkeley, during his sophomore year and goes to camp with his mother. Dan and his mother go to Turlock and then Gila River. Dan's brother goes to Swarthmore College and his sister, Amy attends Boston University for a year.

Dan leaves camp to continue his education. He attends Loras College in Dubuque, Iowa. He describes his college and Berkeley years and working part-time.

In camp, Dan is given a questionnaire. He explains the answers "no-no" and "yes-yes". Dan answers "yes-yes" and that makes him eligible for being drafted. Dan receives his draft notice when he is at Loras College. ]]>
Uchimoto, Dan: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Child rearing]]> Kawamoto, Casey: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-10-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tiburon, California]]> Identity and values]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Ishikawa, Lawrence, narrator]]> Kakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-09-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]>
After the Pearl Harbor attack, there are some restrictions in place. One of them being curfew time. Leo's basketball coach has to get a permit for Leo to be out past curfew to participate in the basketball game. Later, President Truman signs Executive Order 9066 placing thousands of Japanese Americans into camp. Leo discusses the effects of EO9066 and his family in Salinas, California. Leo's family farm also is searched by the FBI.

Before volunteering for service, Leo attends Northern Montana College for a year. The Morishita family is proud of Kenzo, Leo, and Yukata for joining the Army. The Morishita brothers are inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah. Leo does don't leave at the same time with his brothers because of his feet. Leo joins Kenzo and Yutaka six weeks later at Camp Shelby.

At Camp Shelby, Leo does nine months of basic training, He describes the different training he learns and the discrimination in the South. Even though there is discrimination, there is one kind person Leo meets. He shares his story about Earl Finch and his acts of kindness towards the Nisei.

Overseas, Leo lands in Naples, Italy, and learns there is a need for riflemen. He is no longer a medic. Leo is given a browning automatic rifle.]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values]]> Industry and employment]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Oshiro, Joseph Seichi: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-09-10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Industry and employment]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Uchida, Gary: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 April 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Education--Secondary education]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> World War II--Laws and legislation--United States]]> World War II--Military recruitment]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> Katayama, Robert: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 April 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> Fujimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 March 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service]]> Cunningham, Arthur Warren: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 September 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Antonio, Texas ]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Pomona]]> Tsuneishi, Noel: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Takayama, Shigeo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 26 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Fujimoto, Mitsusuke: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Matsumura, Fred: narrator]]> Amano, Iris: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> Uyeoka, Yukiyasu: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 November 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Salinas]]> Omoto, William: narrator]]> Yoneshige, David: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Fukasawa, Harry: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Education]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kon, Hideo: narrator]]> Yoneshige, David: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> World War II--Japanese Americans]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> Miyasako, Tony: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Matsui, Yeiki: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Community activities]]> Tsuda, Tom: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Law and legislation--Alien land laws--California]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Medical care and health issues]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Yoshida, Masaru Frank: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-18-08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> Sato, William: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Uchima, Ansho: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-06-08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Identity and values]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kaneshiro, Isamu Ralph: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-07-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Shiozaki, Masaru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Shiozaki, Masaru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 30 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values]]> Westdale, Virgil: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-06-30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Ishida, Masaru: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> World War II--Italy]]> Nukuto, Tadashi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Masunaga, John Mitsunori: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-06-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Tule Lake]]> Tanabe, Harry: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 May 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Nunotani, Wallace: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 May 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Miyamoto, Kenso: narrator]]> Shoho, Stephanie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Merced, California ]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Masuda, Mamoru: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Merced, California]]> Law and legislation--Alien land laws--California]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Merced]]> Kirihara, James: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2202 April 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Merced, California]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Identity and values]]> Education]]> Kirihara, James: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Merced, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> Child rearing]]> Yoshihara, George: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> Arts and literature]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values]]> Horino, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Education--Primary education]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kunihiro, Mitsuo: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 20 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Frank discusses his school years. In Vacaville, he attended primary school and Japanese Language School. Later, when the family moved to Cordelia, he went to a small grammar school and attended Sunday school at a Lutheran Church. After five years, Frank's family moved to San Jose. When Frank went overseas during wartime, he missed the valleys of San Jose the most. The valley was the most beautiful when the flowers were blooming.

In high school, Frank enrolled at a Prep Ministry school in Oakland. He graduated high school in 1936. Being the oldest son, Frank had responsibilities to the family. Therefore, he worked on the strawberry farm to help his parents. Later, Frank's family moved to Santa Clara and rented an area for farming.

In 1941, Frank moved to Los Angeles to help his half-brother in the trucking business. He recalls hearing the news about Pearl Harbor and shares his reaction to the event.

After President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, there were restrictions for the Japanese Americans. Frank's first reaction to Executive Order 9066 was the government could not do this to American citizens. He could only comply with the government orders because his parents taught him to respect authority.

Frank evacuated to Santa Anita Assembly Center with the Japanese Americans from Mountain View Palo Alto and later to Heart Mountain. Frank only took what he could carry to camp. ]]>
Shimada, Sumio Frank: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Miyamoto, Hajime: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 March 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Industry and employment]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Taketa, George: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 March 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]>
As a child, Hitoshi's knowledge of Japan is shaped by his parents and Japanese Language School. In 1928, Hitoshi's mother and sisters travel to Japan. Hitoshi has an opportunity to go to Japan during the military occupation.

On December 7, Hitoshi is a junior at the University of Southern California (USC), majoring in Foreign Trade. Hitoshi remembers hearing about the Pearl Harbor attack on his way to school.

Hitoshi recalls the aftermath of Pearl Harbor. December 7, have effects on the Sameshima family members. Hitoshi says his father is questioned by the FBI, Hitoshi's older sister loses her job and Hitoshi receives notice to leave USC.

In March of 1942, the Japanese Americans relocated to assembly centers. There are 16 assembly centers along the coast where the Japanese Americans are interned for three to four months before going to camp.

Hitoshi discusses evacuation and going to camp. Although Hitoshi is going to camp, he wants to continue his education. He receives an acceptance letter from the University of Denver, April 1943. Before going to Denver, Hitoshi signs a loyalty oath. In June 1944, Hitoshi receives a draft notice from Army.

]]>
Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Responses of non-Japanese Americans]]> Race--Race relations]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Work & Jobs]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Yoshihashi, Tokuji: narrator]]> Tagami, Steve: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 23 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Race--Racism]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Loyalty Questionnaire]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> Yoshihashi, Tokuji: narrator]]> Tagami, Steve: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 23 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Eddy's mother was concerned and wanted to remove any Japanese items from the house. Eddy helps his parents destroy Japanese belongings from their home. The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, the FBI came to pick up Eddy's father. A few days later, Eddy's father returned home. Eddy experiences racism. Eddy's mother encourages him to continue going to school despite the negative experience.

When Eddy returns from Japan to the United States, he gradually starts to feel accepted. He did not have a connection with Japan, even though Japan was his ancestral home. Eddy recalls President Roosevelt's speech after Pearl Harbor. Eddy feels disbelief that the Japanese Americans are not considered citizens of the United States. Although Eddy's parents are not citizens of the United States, they acted like good citizens. Eddy's parents followed the law and are honest, hard-working people.

On evacuation day, the Kurushima family goes to Fresno Fair Grounds Relocation Center. They stay there for six months before going to Jerome, AR. Eddy describes the living conditions and the attitude of shikata ga nai. ]]>
Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

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