World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> Herzig-Yoshinaga, Aiko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 March 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Jumpei grows up in Montebello and helps his father with farming. Jumpei's favorite sport is baseball. He has one sister, Chizuko, and one brother, Kay.

Jumpei discusses his school years from attending Laguna Elementary School in Montebello, high school, and Japanese Language School. His favorite activity at school is sports, especially baseball. During his free time, he rides his bike, goes hiking, and participates in Boy Scouts. On Sundays, he attends Christian Church in Montebello.

In 1939, he graduated high school and continued to help his father with farming. Jumpei recalls the Pearl Harbor aftermath. Jumpei's family goes to Santa Anita Assembly Center when evacuation orders are announced. After six months, Jumpei goes to Detroit, MI, for work, and then he is drafted into the Army.

After basic training, Jumpei goes overseas to Europe. He is assigned to Company D, Heavy Weapons. He shares a story of how his Squad Leader keeps the unit safe from the German soldiers.

When the war ends, Jumpei stays in Italy for three months before returning back to the United States. He goes to Chicago to reunite with his parents. Post-war, Jumpei looks for mechanic work.





]]>
Mine, Jumpei: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Iso, James: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 January 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Francisco, California ]]>
Kenichi has the utmost respect and appreciation for his father. He says his father is hardworking to provide for the family. Kenichi comes from a family of nine siblings. Kenichi discusses his childhood and his school years in Gardena.

Life changes for Kenichi and his family Kenichi after the Pearl Harbor attack. He recalls the aftermath and the announcement of Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). The Muranaga family evacuates to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then Amache, CO.

Kenichi leaves camp to work at a few jobs before getting drafted into the Army. When Kenichi is in basic training, he receives news of his oldest brother, Kiyoshi's death overseas. ]]>
Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Community activities]]> Harada, Joe: narrator]]> Harada, Yukino: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Matsui, Yeiki: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> ]]> Shimoyama, Isao: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]>
Frank discusses his school years. In Vacaville, he attended primary school and Japanese Language School. Later, when the family moved to Cordelia, he went to a small grammar school and attended Sunday school at a Lutheran Church. After five years, Frank's family moved to San Jose. When Frank went overseas during wartime, he missed the valleys of San Jose the most. The valley was the most beautiful when the flowers were blooming.

In high school, Frank enrolled at a Prep Ministry school in Oakland. He graduated high school in 1936. Being the oldest son, Frank had responsibilities to the family. Therefore, he worked on the strawberry farm to help his parents. Later, Frank's family moved to Santa Clara and rented an area for farming.

In 1941, Frank moved to Los Angeles to help his half-brother in the trucking business. He recalls hearing the news about Pearl Harbor and shares his reaction to the event.

After President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, there were restrictions for the Japanese Americans. Frank's first reaction to Executive Order 9066 was the government could not do this to American citizens. He could only comply with the government orders because his parents taught him to respect authority.

Frank evacuated to Santa Anita Assembly Center with the Japanese Americans from Mountain View Palo Alto and later to Heart Mountain. Frank only took what he could carry to camp. ]]>
Shimada, Sumio Frank: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Tommy and his family are at Santa Anita for a few months before going to Rohwer Relocation Center. At Rohwer, there are armed guards in guard towers. Tommy tries to try to occupy his time in camp with work. He finds a job driving a truck and chopping wood.

In March 1944, Tommy leaves Rohwer for employment opportunities in Detroit, MI. Shortly after, Tommy receives his draft notice and reports to Fort Sheridan. Tommy discusses the irony of being an American citizen going to camp and now being drafted into service.

At Camp Blanding, Tommy is part of a segregated unit. Many guys from his Company go overseas to Europe, but Tommy goes to language school at Fort Snelling. Tommy's training is short because the war has ended, and they are needed overseas.

In August 1945, he travels to the Philippine Islands and works at a POW camp. Later, Tommy goes to Japan for occupation. He is stationed in downtown Yokohama and is attached to the Third Military Railway Service Headquarters. His assignment is to be an interpreter with the local rail operators.
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Mayekawa, Tommy: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Tommy is the oldest of the children. He has a sister and two brothers. Tommy's first childhood home is on a farm. Growing up, he helps his father on the farm. If Tommy has free time, he hangs out with his friends and goes to the skating ring and movies.

Tommy recalls his school years and being the teachers' favorite student. Besides attending primary school, he goes to Japanese language school. After graduating high school in 1939, Tommy worked on a farm other than his family farm to earn money. Tommy also works at a home appliance store in Gardena, CA, as a delivery man.

On December 7, 1941, Tommy hears the news about Pearl Harbor while eating breakfast at his regular restaurant. He does not experience discrimination. Growing up, Tommy does not experience discrimination either. He says he feels the same as everyone since he was born and raised in the United States.

Tommy recalls the evacuation notices and preparing to go to Santa Anita Assembly Center. He describes the living conditions and feeling degraded. Tommy says there is nothing you can do but accept the situation, shikata ga nai.


]]>
Mayekawa, Tommy: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Arts and literature]]> Miyake, Ocean: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-11-11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> Yuki, Harvard: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 November 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> World War II--Military personnel--Women's Army Corps]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Hurt, Haruko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Arrests, searches, and seizures]]> Fujimoto, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 April 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Tsukahara, Ted: narrator]]> Tagami, Steve: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 March 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> ]]> Uno, Ernest: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Yukihiro, Tsutomu: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Yukihiro, Tsutomu: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Urata, James: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 July 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]>
Hirose recalls going to Santa Anita Temporary Detention Center and then to Tule Lake Concentration Center. Before forced removal, Hirose's Father would help others in need. In camp and after camp Hirose experiences the gratitude of those his Father help. ]]>
Hirose, Mutsuo: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 May 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> ]]> Kashiki, John: narrator]]> Tamaru, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp McCoy]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Ichikawa, Robert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values]]> Ichikawa, Robert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 February 25 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Military service]]>
Kitaoka reflects on the United States Government reasons to intern Japanese Americans and the term "evacuation". On
December 1944, Kitaoka is drafted and called to Camp Walters on February 1945 for Basic Training. When he goes overseas, his duty in occupation is Honor Guard.]]>
Kitaoka, Harvey: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 January 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]>
Before entering camp, Kitaoka remembers feeling fear and nervousness of the unknowing. Evacuees are only allow to bring what they can carry into camp. The Kitaoka family is sent to Santa Anita Temporary Detention Center. Kitaoka recalls the living condition of the barracks and horse stables. In camp, Kitaoka gets a job collecting meal tickets and makes $16 a month. Soon after, his family relocates to Jerome Concentration Camp and he gets an opportunity to leave camp. He leaves to Montana to work on a sugar beet farm for a few months and returns back to camp in the fall when the ground freezes. He recalls social activities and sports in camp.
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Kitaoka, Harvey: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 January 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>

James recalls the day of the bombing of Pearl harbor. He says it is regular business at the Kobayashi's family restaurant. However, the following days after, business slowed down. In San Bernardino, there are not many effects on Japanese Americans because not a lot of Japanese Americans lived in the area. Many of the Japanese farmers moved to Coachella and Riverside because the farming soil is better.

The bombing of Pearl harbor created restrictions such as a curfew and a notice of evacuation for Japanese Americans. The Kobayashi family sells their restaurant and temporarily lives at the Japanese Church before evacuation.

James describes arriving at Poston, Arizona, and living conditions. James is at Poston for a year for going to Utah and Chicago for work. In Chicago, he receives his draft notice and beings his Army life. ]]>
Kobayashi, James: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]>
In camp, Yenari does not want his Issei parents to be ostracize if he volunteers for service. Therefore, he waits until he get to Chicago to write a letter to Camp Savage to volunteer. Yenari is enlisted at Fort Snelling and is inducted in December 7, 1943. He describes patriotism and the curriculum at Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS).



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Yenari, Theodore: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 November 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values]]>
On December 7, 1941, Yenari is working fruit and vegetable stand and a week later is let go. He changes several jobs until time for forced removal. During preparation for Santa Anita Temporary Detention Center, Yenari's Father build four boxes to storage their personal belongs and gave them to a Jewish family to watch after it. Yenari's family is fortunate to have their items return to them after camp. At Santa Anita, Yenari's family stays in a horse stable and eventually moves to a bungalow due to his brother's disability. ]]>
Yenari, Theodore: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 November 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> Wada, Frank: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Suzuki, George: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 July 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Santa Anna, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]>
Due to Watada Father's criticism, he tends to be quiet and takes after his Mother's characteristics. At camp and in service is where Watada becomes more outgoing. When Pearl Harbor is attacked on December 7, 1941, Watada recalls the feelings of disbelief.

When executive Order 9066 is announce, there is a short amount of time for evacuation. Watada's Family sells most of their belongs and stores what they can at the church. The Watada family goes the Santa Anita Assembly Center and he describes the living conditions. After a one month at Santa Anita, the Watada Family goes to Idaho Falls to work on a sugar beet farm.

In 1942 the family goes to Amache. Watada recalls the weather being hot and the camp is surrounded by fence with armed guards in towers. The living space are divided into four units in each barrack. ]]>
Watada, Richard: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]>
World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Kojimoto, Mitsunobu: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Kojimoto, Mitsunobu: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> World War II--Mass Removal ("Evacuation")]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Facilities, services and camp administration]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> Iso, James: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-03-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Rancho Cordova, California]]>
At Tule Lake, George remembered the barbed wires around the parameter, barracks, and guards in the guard towers. George was at Tule Lake for a few months before reporting to Camp Savage for Military Intelligence Service Language School. George learned interrogation, translation, and interpretation in Japanese.

During the Pacific Theater, one of his worst memory for him was seeing dead bodies. George recalls trying to save Japanese civilians and soldiers. For his accomplishments in Saipan, George was awarded the Bronze Star. He could not talk about his war experience previously because of the effects it had on him.

After George's service in Saipan, he went to Honolulu for a rest period. He spent his time attending USO events and corresponding with his wife. George shared a story of how he sent a proposal letter and engagement ring to her. He also mentioned learning about the passing of Frank Hachiya.

Besides Saipan, George went to Marshall Island. Marshall Island was George's first operation with the 7th Division. For his accomplishment in deciphering the hydrographic map, George received a letter of accommodation.

When George learned the war had ended, he was happy. George felt he was lucky to serve in two campaigns in the Pacific Theater. He credited the men who served in China, Burma, and India for doing a great job.
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Matsui, George: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

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