World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Volcano and Ryukyus Islands Campaign--Iwo Jima]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Tso, Samuel: narrator ]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-05-16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Window Rock, Arizona]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Nakahara, Peter: narrator ]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 August 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> World War II--Medical care]]> World War II--Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> Togashi, John: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian:interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center:publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998-08-29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]>
Tony arrives back in Kyushu, Japan, after Manchuria. He visits several areas in Japan. He goes to Kyoto to see what Japan would look like pre-war. Kyoto is the only city not bombed during World War Two because there were no war industries, and Kyoto is not a military center.

In May 1946, one of the other interpreters visits his family in Hiroshima, and Tony goes with him. Tony describes the devastation of the atomic bomb. The hills are blackened, and all the buildings are destroyed. Tony says it is a sight you can never forget. Despite the destruction of Hiroshima, the locals are trying to survive. In contrast, Tokyo has a few standing buildings.

Tony is discharged from the Army in December 1946. He attends the University of Washington and joins the reserves to make extra money, and the Korean War starts. However, Tony is not called to active duty due to his classification. Tony graduates college in June and is hired to be an Air Force interrogator in Tokyo, Japan.

Japan has changed drastically change from 1946 to 1951. Almost all the damages from the bombing are repaired. With the Korean War happening, the American Army needs the assistance of Japan. Tony says Japan is a tremendous help with the Korean War. In Japan, Tony's job is to interrogate Japanese soldier prisoners from Siberia. The Japanese prisoners have all of the strategic intel from working in the area. The American air Forces is in dire need of this information because of the Cold War.

Tony is in Japan from 1951 to 1956. Tony is an interrogator until the Peace Treaty is signed. Afterward, he works on special projects such as invasion and escapes studies for aircrews as a Department of Air Force (DAF). Later, he becomes a historian at Headquarters Pacific Air Forces and documents current Air Force History.

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Koura, Tony: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

When Fort Snelling disbanded, the soldiers transfer to Presidio, Monterey. At Presidio, Ray remains with F Company and has the same duties at Fort Snelling. On some occasions, he visits San Francisco.

The war ends, and Ray discusses his thought on the atomic bomb dropping in Japan. After being discharged from the Army, Ray does not reenlist.

Post-war, Ray becomes an independent farmer with his brother, Tan. Also, Ray marries Mary Muramatsu and has three children. Ray describes photographs of his family and sports team. Ray values and appreciates his family and friends. He says he is grateful for the opportunity to make an oral history and share his war and camp experiences with future generations.
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Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Robert goes overseas to Okinawa. He describes the situation in Okinawa. Robert has to translate documents for strategic worth. He recalls the American Infantry finding a map, but Headquarters did not receive it until later. By knowing the location of the Japanese cannons is the beginning of the Japanese Army's downfall.

In Okinawa, there are propaganda leaflets that cause many civilians to commit suicide. Robert remembers two little girls who lose their mother. Suicides are happening all over Okinawa. Robert also mentions cave flushing. Many of the civilians are hiding in the caves.

Besides translating documents, he works at the POW Camp. He recalls hearing an announcement that Japan surrenders. Before going home, Robert gets a souvenir.

Robert returns to the United States and is discharge at Fort MacArthur, and he reunites with his family in Detroit, MI.














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Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Laws and legislation--redress and reparations]]> World War II--Photography]]> World War II--Veterans]]> Nishimura, Hiro: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-07-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington]]>
As a child, he worked on the farm, and gradually he did more farm labor. The homelife of the Miyamoto family was more westernized and the primary language was English. Maya gave examples of not using chopsticks or taking off their shoes in the house.

On December 7, 1941, Maya heard the news of Pearl Harbor on the radio at home. Two of his brothers were already in the Army service. As a child, Maya did not think much about the effects of war and carried on like usual. The aftermath of Pearl Harbor became more significant when the FBI came to their home and evacuation to Poston, Arizona.

In 1944 Maya went to Phoenix, AZ, for his induction. After completing basic training, Maya was sent to Mobile Intelligence at Camp Ritchie, Maryland, to teach all kinds of weapons from Germany and Japan. Later, Maya was assigned to the Counter Intelligence Group and went to CIC Headquarters at Camp Holabird, Maryland, for training.

In November or December of 1945, Maya landed in Atsugi Field. This was his first time traveling to Japan and leaving California. Maya recalls that the culture and customs were different from the United States. After Atsugi, Maya went to Tokyo. He describes the devastation he saw in the towns and cities. Maya visited the CIC detachment in Chiba where he saw his friend. His friend who worked in Graves Registration was looking for bodies of fliers in Chiba, wondering if they were killed or beheaded.


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Miyamoto, Maya: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Race--Race relations]]> Japan--Military]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service--documents, translation of]]> Koshi, George: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 September 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Community activities]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki]]> Nishio, Frank: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Eduation Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-05-19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California]]> World War II--Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> World War II--Military service]]> Morimoto, Frank: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
He also learns he receives the Purple Heart when he is at the hospital in Clinton, IA. In May 1946, Shigeru returns to Honolulu and is discharged from the Army on August 4, 1947. When Shigeru is in the 100th, he is a Private First Class (PFC). Then in January of 1944, he is promoted to Corporal T5. He receives his Sergeant strip at McCormick Hospital.

Post-war, Shigeru spends his time with his friends and makes model airplanes. He is happy to be alive and is grateful. Shigeru shares his thoughts on President Roosevelt and President Truman.


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Inouye, Shigeru: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Sachio discusses the relationship between the Marines and the Japanese American interpreters. Sachio was proud of the accomplishments of the Niseis during World War Two. He gave examples of the Gothic Line and the 552nd for being the fastest artillery group in Europe. Although it was discriminatory to have a segregated group of Japanese American soldiers, Sachio said he felt safer.

When Sachio was at Enewetak, a medical officer told him about the GI Bill and provided him with information on how to go to medical school. Sachio applied to Tulane and the University of Michigan and was accepted to both colleges. When Sachio was discharged, he started his medical schooling at Tulane.

Being in Turlock and Gila River, Sachio lost parts of his life. When he graduated from medical school, he was ten years older than his classmates. Sachio felt it was an achievement to get into medical school. All the aspects of his life have fallen into place. After completing his residency in Iowa, he went to work in Omaha for three months and then to Los Angeles in 1960.

Sachio got married within a year of moving to Los Angeles and had two sons. Sachio's message for future generations is to persevere. In high school, Sachio had the goal to attend medical school. Despite World War Two and moving around, Sachio accomplished his dream.

At the end of the interview, Sachio narrates a few items from his collections.
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Takata, Sachio Jack: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]>
World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> World War II--Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Fukuhara, Harry: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-06-02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Mountain View, California]]>