At the end of 1944, Michael went overseas and landed in Naples, Italy. Michael was assigned to the 100th Battalion as a replacement and went to Marseille, France. Michael experiences his first attack in Bruyeres.

Michael describes Bruyeres and soldiers wounded from shrapnel or shell bursts. After Bruyeres and Biffontaine, Michael was in the Lost Battalion rescue. Many soldiers lost their lives in the Lost Battalion. According to Michael the most challenging part of the war was seeing the wounded soldiers. Michael remembers a close call and feeling lucky to survive the war. Jimmy also said the worst part of war is death. He recalls his friend being killed in action.

Overseas, Michael was a mortarman, and Jimmy was in Headquarters Company as a wireman. Michael and Jimmy agree the German weapons were advanced in contrast to the American weaponry.

Post-war, Jimmy reenlisted and asked to be stationed in Japan to see his parents. Later, Michael also went to Japan in 1969 to visit his mother. Michael and Jimmy discuss the Nisei legacy and the Nisei's contribution helped future generations in every aspect.

Michael is married to Jean and has two children, Janice and David. Michael and Jean also have grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Jimmy and Alice have three children, Glenn, Nancy, and Mark, and four grandchildren. Jimmy wishes for children a good life and to be good citizens.
]]>
Doi, Jimmy: narrator]]> Doi, Michael John: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-03-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kawahara, Takashi: narrator]]> Kawahara, Sheldon: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-04-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
The community of Gallup after the Pearl Harbor attack did not blame the Japanese Americans for the bombing. Shortly after December 7, law enforcement came to Hershey's home and confiscated the radio and camera. Some of the men in Gallup tried to volunteer but were labeled 4C "enemy alien." They had to wait to receive a draft notice to serve in the Army.

In January 1944, Hershey was drafted into the Army. Hershey tried to volunteer a year earlier but was not accepted. After getting the draft notice, Hershey reported to Camp Blanding, Florida, and Camp Shelby, Mississippi, for training.

Hershey discusses the relationship between the Hawaiian soldiers and the Mainland soldiers. Hershey made friends easily and got along with the Hawaiian soldiers.

When the 442nd replacement was leaving for overseas, seven soldiers and Hershey stayed behind due to their age. Then Hershey was assigned to the 100th Battalion, D Company, the heavy weapons company. Hershey then took 13 weeks of heavy weapons basic training.

Later, Hershey was attached to the 171st Separate Battalion. After arriving in Naples, Italy, Hershey learned the war ended in Europe. Hershey was assigned to guard the POWs and military and medical supplies.

Hershey spent most of his time in Italy except when he went on furlough to Switzerland. When Hershey returned to the mainland, there were festivities welcoming home the soldiers. Hershey reported to Fort Meade for his discharge, but he reenlisted for the Army Reserve for three years. ]]>
Miyamura, Hiroshi "Hershey"; narrator]]> Yamazaki, Christine; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-07-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>

Enoch's brother Jimmy was already in the Army when Enoch and the rest of the family went to the Assembly Center. Enoch and his family stayed at the Assembly Center for several months before relocating to Minidoka. At Minidoka, there were guard towers with guards. Enoch said Minidoka was similar to a prison camp.

Later the Kanaya family members left their separate ways. Ruby got married, and Enoch's parents went to Chicago for work. Enoch received his draft notice and completed his basic training at Camp Blanding, Florida. At Camp Blanding, Enoch was assigned to F Company, 2nd Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team.

After basic training as a replacement, Enoch traveled overseas on the RMS Aquitania. He landed in Scotland and traveled to France. In France, the 442nd replacements were tasked to protect the alps from the Germans. The German soldiers were defending this area, and the serval division tried to penetrate the line with no success. Enoch described his experience breaking the Gothic Line.

]]>
Kanaya, Enoch; narrator]]> Yamagami, Don; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-06-25]]> Oral Histories]]>

Gary completes basic training after 16 weeks and starts advance training. After a month of advanced training, Gary goes to Germany and Japan. In Germany, Gary handles all the shipments that arrive by train. He discusses his relationship with the civilians, Hawaiian soldiers, and dating. Later, Gary goes to Japan and works with the war crime trials.]]>
Shiota, Henry Gary: narrator ]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Identity and values]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Archilla, Eliel: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-09-08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Antonio, Texas]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Volcano and Ryukyus Islands Campaign--Iwo Jima]]> Tso, Samuel: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-05-16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Windrock, Arizona]]>
His favorite teacher is Ms. Monroe (first grade teacher). Ms. Monroe treats him like a student and did not show racism. She also promotes him to the second grade.

At home Willie speaks Japanese and English. He also learns Spanish to speak to the farm workers. On occasions, Willie visits Mexico because a food and things are less expensive.

After graduating from San Benito High School, Willie works on the farm for a few year before going to the Army Air Corp. Willie shares his basic training experiences.]]>
Tanamachi, Willie: narrator
]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer
]]>
Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-05-19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]>
World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Sako, Joe: narrator ]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 1]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Kim, Young Oak: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interview]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 December 9]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Italy]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Matsumoto, Clarence: narrator ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center]]> 1995 April 29 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Housing--Barracks]]> Race--Racism]]> World War II--Military recruitment]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Education]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Loyalty Questionnaire]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> Nakamura, Yoshio: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005-08-20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> Education--Primary education]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Military service--Pre-World War II service]]> Fujii, Kazuo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-07-14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp McCoy]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> Kamishita, Seiso: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-10-07]]> eng]]> cpe]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Military service]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> World War II--Mass Removal ("Evacuation")]]> Kato, Min: narrator]]> Kato, Sue: narrator ]]> Akahoshi, C.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 June 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Canyon Lake, California]]> Race--Military segregation]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Combat--Weapons--Artillery]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> Oiye, George: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-03-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California]]> Military service]]> World War II--France]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Medals]]> World War II--Forest warfare]]> Estes, Bruce: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009-11-01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> Tominaga, Mitsuo: narrator]]> Okura, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998-08-30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Industry and employment--Railroad]]> World War II--Loyalty Questionnaire]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> World War II--Enemy Alien Classification]]> Togashi, John: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian:interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center:publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998-08-29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> ]]> Identity and values--Nisei]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Abe, Victor: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999-11-14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> World War II--Military service--Counter Intelligence Corps Linguists]]> Wakai, Theodore: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005-08-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Camarillo, California]]> Military service]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Tamae, Seiki: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-11-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Race--Segregation]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Tamae, Seiki: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-11-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Resistance and dissidence]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Tule Lake]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Mitsui, Sam: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bob: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 July 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Social activities]]> Nishijima, Ronald: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 August 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Japan--Okinawa Island]]> Yanamura, Herbert: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Tanabe, James: interviewer]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii]]> 2009-11-02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]>
As a youth, Taira is aware of world events from the LA Times. He reads about land leasing and the war overseas. However, Taira thinks poverty is more important news in those days. On December 7, Taira is playing football with the Japanese American kids. He recalls Charlie Chaplin is filming the movie The Great Dictator across the street.

The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, Taira goes to school on the bus. The school has an assembly and shows support for the Japanese Americans. He discusses the treatment after December 7, and he does not realize the severity of the situation until the evacuation.

Besides evacuation, there are curfew hours. Taira says he only goes to school and straight comes home. Moreover, He recalls neighbors coming and taking the plants from the front yard and asking low prices for their belongings.

Taira believes his family is the first to go to camp because his relatives volunteer to help build Manzanar. Taira's brother loses his job after Pearl Harbor and decides to help with the construction of Manzanar.

Taira describes the living condition at Manzanar. Briefly, He leaves camp to work on a farm in Idaho and attends Idaho Falls High School. However, working and going to school is tough. He returns to Manzanar and finishes high school in the camp. He studies journalism and is the senior editor.

In camp, Taira answers the loyalty questionnaire and explains the different possibilities of answering the questionnaire. In 1944, he is drafted into the Army with his brother Jim. Taira and Jim, go to Fort Douglas, and the other Nisei go to Camp Blanding or Camp Hood.

Camp Hood is for the anti-tank unit. However, Taira is a rife replacement for the 442nd. Taira is assigned to Company A 140th Battalion, and their unit is known as the Flying A. He describes life in basic training. His training is cut from 18 weeks to 16 weeks due to the Battle of Bulge.
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Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Italy]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Matsuda, Irvin: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008-08-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Watsonville, California]]>
Harold discusses his first combat and artillery fire. He says being on the frontline is scary. Having a buddy system with a Nisei veteran helps you learn the dos and don'ts of being in battle. Harold is grateful to Ted Sakahara for his good advice.

After breaking through the Gothic Line, the war ends. Harold stays in Europe until January 1946. He returns to Seattle, WA, and works a few jobs before becoming partners in a jewelry business and a ski retail business.

Harold is active in the ski community and is inducted into the Colorado Ski Hall of Fame. In 1960, he has an opportunity to go to the Olympics. In his spare time, Harold volunteers for the ski patrol.

Harold and his with Edith, have two daughters, a granddaughter, and two great-grandchildren. Harold hopes to instill family values in his children and to work hard. With the contribution of the Nisei legacy, Harold wants future generations and other ethnic groups to have more opportunities and equality. ]]>
Horiuchi, Harold: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> Shiosaki, Jun: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Idaho ]]> Military service]]> Religion and churches]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Veterans]]> World War II--France]]> Black, Millard: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-01-20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Military service]]> Religion and churches]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Veterans]]> World War II--France]]> Black, Millard: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-01-20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Ishikawa, Moffet: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 March 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California ]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service]]> Kobashigawa, Yeiki: narrator]]> Hashisaka, Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-06-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Minato, Howard: narrator]]> Shigemitsu, Laura: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 November 06 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Hilty, Joe: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 October 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Immigration and citizenship]]> Identity and values]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Konoshima, Akio: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 July 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bethesda, Maryland ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Oishi, Hal: narrator]]> Dennehy, Kristine: interviewer]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Kamemoto, Mitsugi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Miyamoto, Theodore: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Hayashi, Shigeru: narrator]]> Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomo, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]>
Another social event is movies at the Japanese Community Center or going to the movie theater. The churches also have social events for the Japanese American Communities.

During their school years, they did not recall hearing much about world events. They remember Joe is a good student and he enjoys repairing things. Chiye shares how Joe signs up for the Army.

Chiye and Seichi recall Pearl Harbor and December 7. ]]>
Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Education]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School--Presidio, San Francisco]]> Nagano, Jack: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> World War II--Military service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Onoda, Bright: narrator]]> Onoda, Sam]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 November 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Glenview, Illinois]]>
Frank's new duties are in the medic department as an administrative. He handles the paperwork for the physicals of incoming and outgoing recruits. On Frank's days off, he travels around the island and visits his uncle.

Frank recalls learning the ended when he is at Camp Maxey, TX, and he discusses his feelings about the bombing in Japan. In November 1946, Frank is discharged, and he continues his education on his GI Bill. He attends pharmacy school and works part-time at Walgreens.

After graduating, Frank works at Walgreens for several years before becoming an independent pharmacist. Then he sells his pharmacy to work for other pharmacies.

Frank is married to Margaret, and they have a son John David Hiratsuka. John is married has two sons. Frank's parents instilled in him values that he would like to pass on to his grandchildren. Frank wishes his grandchildren to be successful and happy. He hopes they will pursue their dreams.

Frank spends his retirement years being socially active with volunteering, church, and hobbies. He shares a message for future generations that he hopes the Japanese American experience never happens again for anyone else. ]]>
Hiratsuka, Frank: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In Ridley, Frank and his parents work on a peach farm until they receive evacuation orders. Previously, Frank grows up with mainly Caucasian people. After moving to Ridley, a farming community, and Poston, Frank discusses the culture shock.

Frank and his parents go to Poston, Camp 3, and he recounts the living conditions. At Poston, Frank continues his education, and his parents find jobs within the camp. Frank recalls his mother's family are relocated to Gila River.

In June of 1943, Frank and his parents leave Poston. Frank finishes high School and gets a job analyzing paint. In January of 1945, Frank receives his draft notice and starts his military career. ]]>
Hiratsuka, Frank: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Germany]]> World War II--Military service--232nd Combat Engineer Company]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Tanaka, Edward: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008-19-11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Glenview, Illinois]]> Military service]]> World War II]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Medals]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> Hayashi, Shizuya: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-06-11]]> eng ]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
In February 1945, James received his Army draft and went to Texas for basic training. Basic training lasted four months, and he went overseas to Germany.

At the end of 1945, James goes overseas to Dorndorf, Germany, for five to six months with the occupation forces. He says Dorndorf, Germany, was rebuilt by the American Army and did not look affected by wartime. It was evident the United States was trying to keep the peace by helping Germany rebuild.

After several months in Germany, James was discharged in 1946. He enrolled in college to learn about agriculture and worked on the family farm. James was married for 40 years to Susie, and they have five children and four grandchildren.

James discusses the contributions of the Japanese Americans during World War Two. James loves the United States and says it is the best place to live. ]]>
Fujii, James: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

When Fort Snelling disbanded, the soldiers transfer to Presidio, Monterey. At Presidio, Ray remains with F Company and has the same duties at Fort Snelling. On some occasions, he visits San Francisco.

The war ends, and Ray discusses his thought on the atomic bomb dropping in Japan. After being discharged from the Army, Ray does not reenlist.

Post-war, Ray becomes an independent farmer with his brother, Tan. Also, Ray marries Mary Muramatsu and has three children. Ray describes photographs of his family and sports team. Ray values and appreciates his family and friends. He says he is grateful for the opportunity to make an oral history and share his war and camp experiences with future generations.
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Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Ray emphasizes the value of family and friendship. He says relationships are important to him. During his school years, he recalls influential teachers and friends that impacted his life.

When Ray is in the seventh grade, he travels to Japan with his mother to visit his ill grandmother. Ray is gone for several months. However, he can catch up with his school assignments. Besides primary school, Ray attends Japanese Language School.

Ray recalls December 7 and going to the assembly center. Ray's family tries to stay together as long as they can. However, they go their separate ways. Ray is drafted and goes to Camp Hood and Fort Snelling. ]]>
Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

When Edward Fujii receives his draft notice, he reports to Fort Dix, Utah, for his induction into the Army and then goes to Camp Fannin, TX, for basic training.

After basic training, Edward goes to Fort Snelling, MN, for Military Intelligence Service Language School. He spends six months at the language school. However, he spends most of his time as a truck driver.

At Camp Campbell, Edward is assigned to the Third Infantry Division, Signal Corps Company. He receives training in morse code and is a radio operator. During WWII, Edward's brothers are also serving in the military.

In November 1946, Edward is discharged from the Army. Post-war, Edward is active with the Nisei Veterans Club for 30 years. Edward is married to Aya Iwasaki, and they have three children and two grandchildren.

At the end of the interview, Aya discusses her camp and war experience. She shares advice on marriage and a message for future generations.
]]>
Fujii, Edward: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--China-Burma-India Theater]]> Kawamoto, Frank Minoru: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tokyo, Japan ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Education]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Asato, Jotoku: narrator]]> Oka, Leonard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--France]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Ohta, Francis Mitsuo: narrator]]> Nagoshi, F.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Tule Lake]]> Education]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Activism and involvement]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Murakami, Raymond Shoji: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Falls Church, Virginia ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Japan]]> Nakamoto, Robert: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia ]]>
After Coolidge's father passed away, the family moved to Honolulu. His mother worked hard to support the family. At age fifteen, Coolidge went to the mainland for higher education. He settled in California and found a job as a houseboy. Coolidge attended Berkeley High School.

On December 7, Coolidge attended church and learned the news when he went home. Coolidge did not feel any discrimination when he moved to the mainland. His employer and classmates at high school treated him fairly. The following day after Pearl Harbor, Coolidge went to school. He continued to focus on his educational goals.

When Executive Order 9066 was signed, Coolidge and his brother reported to Tanforan. After three to fourth months in Tanforan, Coolidge was sponsored to leave the camp to go to New York. In 1944 Coolidge graduated high school in New York and applied for college. He attended Grinnell College in Iowa with financial assistance from scholarships and a family from Kauai. After his first year of college, Coolidge was drafted into the military.

Coolidge was inducted at Fort Sheridan and shipped to Camp Blanding, Florida. During basic training, Coolidge made many friends and had a good relationship with everyone.

Overseas, he was assigned to Company B, 3rd Platoon. Coolidge's first battle was in the mountains near Carrara, Italy. After Coolidge's first battle in Italy, he kept moving up the mountains above Leghorn. Coolidge recalls not showering for one month.

Coolidge recalls climbing Po Valley with his gear. Besides climbing the rigorous terrain, food was scarce. Later, the 100th and 442nd were called to France for the Gothic Line because the military needed the left flank to be covered. Coolidge was attached to the 92nd Division.

When the war ended, Coolidge was in the mountains. There were no roads in the mountains. Therefore, airplanes dropped down the rations for them. Being overseas, Coolidge missed hot cook meals. He was living off of C rations and K rations.
]]>
Wakai, Coolidge: narrator]]> Yee, T.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Yamasaki, Edward M.: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, T.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 December 7]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Ichikawa, Grant Hayao: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service--Varsity Victory Volunteers]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Nagao, Wallace: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii: publisher]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii]]> 2006-06-07]]> eng]]> cpe]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Identity and values--Nisei]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Tokunaga, Toshio: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Tokunaga, Toshio: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Kazumura, Larry: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Fukuhara, Francis Masateru: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington ]]>
Kenichi is proud of his family, especially of his brother Kiyoshi. Kenichi says Kiyoshi is a true soldier. Anyone who knows Kiyoshi would say the same. He is an outstanding soldier who goes beyond the call of duty.

Kenichi recalls his family receiving a letter that Kiyoshi's Department of the Army Civilian Award (DAC) is upgraded to the Medal of Honor. The whole Muranaga family travels to Washington DC for the ceremony.

On the day of the ceremony, there are at least 20 recipients of the Medal of Honor. Kenichi discusses the contribution of the Nisei legacy and what it means to be in a segregated unit.

Although the government gives reparations, Kenichi shares his sentiments on the issue.

]]>
Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In 1944, Kiyoshi volunteers for the 442nd. Kenichi and Yoshiro also want to volunteer, but Kiyoshi says one person from their family is enough. Their mother agrees.

At Amache, a loyalty questionnaire is given to the internees. Kenichi explains his thoughts on the questions and what is a no-no boy. Although, Santa Anita and Amache's security is almost the same. Kenchi says you can leave Amache to go to work. Sometimes Kenichi goes to the nearest city Granada for entertainment.

In camp, Kenichi receives his draft notice and reports to Fort Logan for induction. After, he goes to Camp Blanding for his basic training. While in basic training, Kenichi gets news of his brother Kiyoshi's death. Kenichi returns to Amache for the funeral service.

When Kenichi goes overseas, he understands what war is. He sees causalities first hand. He describes Champagne Campaign, Bruyeres, and the Gothic Line. At the end of the war, Kenichi has a chance to join the Military Intelligence Service (MIS). However, he decides to return to the States and get married.

Post-war, Kenichi marries Yoshiko, and they have been married for 60 years. He works a few jobs before owning seven laundromats.
]]>
Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Kenichi has the utmost respect and appreciation for his father. He says his father is hardworking to provide for the family. Kenichi comes from a family of nine siblings. Kenichi discusses his childhood and his school years in Gardena.

Life changes for Kenichi and his family Kenichi after the Pearl Harbor attack. He recalls the aftermath and the announcement of Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). The Muranaga family evacuates to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then Amache, CO.

Kenichi leaves camp to work at a few jobs before getting drafted into the Army. When Kenichi is in basic training, he receives news of his oldest brother, Kiyoshi's death overseas. ]]>
Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After completing his basic training at Camp Shelby, Minoru traveled to Tule Lake to visit his father. When Minoru left Tule Lake, he boarded a bus, and the passengers applauded him. The experience was different from what the African Americans experienced in the South.

From New York, Minoru and his brother, John, departed to go overseas. A winter storm on the Atlantic Ocean caused a rough voyage for the soldiers. During the trip, German submarines were spotted in the ocean. Therefore, the Aquitania took a detour to Glasgow, Scotland, instead of England.

Minoru joined the 442nd in the South of France. When he was not a mortarman, he was a litter carrier picking up wounded Nisei. In Italy, Minoru fought with the Allied troops and the 92nd Division. Minoru recalls artillery fire from the German soldier. He describes the battle on top of Mount Fogarito.]]>
Miyasaki, Minoru: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

On the day of the evacuation, the Japanese American families living in Irvington met at the school ground and went to Tanforan on the Greyhound bus. Minoru describes the living conditions in the horse stables and assembling their straw mattress.

Minoru and his family left Tanforan after a few months, and they were sent to Topaz, Utah, by train. Arriving at Topaz, there were barbed wires and guard towers at Topaz. Minoru describes the living conditions and life in the camp. Besides attending classes, Minoru worked clearing the sagebrush.

In Topaz, a loyalty questionnaire was given to all the internees. Minoru's father did not answer questions 27 and 28 and was sent to Tule Lake. Minoru went to Tule Lake to visit his father, but he left for farming in Idaho with George and Harry. After Minoru was reclassified 1A, he was drafted into the Military. Minoru remembered leaving Topaz at night to Fort Douglas due to the Kibeis.

At Fort Douglas, Minoru took his physical exam and requested to join the Air Force. Minoru was declined for the Air Force but was accepted for the Military. Later Minoru went to Camp Shelby and was shocked by how different it is from California. After weeks of training, Minoru picked up the Hawaiian language.

Post-war, Minoru revisited Topaz, Utah, and saw a plaque with the names who served in the Military. However, many names were missing including Minoru and his brothers. There was a petition to add the missing names.





]]>
Miyasaki, Minoru: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After Camp Savage, Robert returns to Camp Blanding for basic training. Robert recalls training on the rifle range and receives an expert rifleman badge. Basic training at Camp Blanding is two weeks. Robert recalls a fight between the Mainland soldiers and Hawaiian soldiers. Eventually, the relationship between the two becomes better.

Later, Robert goes to Leyte, Philippines. He gets his assignment and goes to the beach. Robert reports to the Prisoner of War Camp and interrogates the POWs. He also discusses his time in Korea.
]]>
Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Few days after the Pearl Harbor attack, the Japanese Americans' status changes to 4C, enemy aliens. In addition, there are restrictions such as traveling and curfew hours.

Yoshiro recalls preparing and leaving for evacuation when President Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066. The Tokiwa family goes to the Salinas Assembly Center and then to Poston, Arizona. Yoshiro says they are only allowed to bring what they can carry.

At Poston, Yoshiro works as a security guard and then in the agriculture department. In camp, all the internees are given a loyalty questionnaire. Yoshiro explains the no-no boys and deportation.

In 1944, Yoshiro is drafted. He shares his experience of being inducted and going to basic training at Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Yoshiro discusses the segregation in Mississippi.

At the end of Yoshiro's military career, he is a Technician 5th Grade (Corporal level). Yoshiro is discharged from the Army in January 1947, from Camp Beale, CA.
]]>
Tokiwa, Yoshiro: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--232nd Combat Engineer Company]]> Kimura, Shoichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 October 14]]> eng ]]> Oral Histories]]> Richmond, California]]>
Dan goes to Camp Blanding, Jacksonville, Florida, for basic training. Basic training is for seventeen weeks long. In Florida, Dan learns about Jim Crow and segregation. Dan shares a story about racism.

He goes to northern Italy in 1945. Dan is assigned to the Rifle Platoon, Company C, 100th Battalion. The 442nd at the time has lost hundreds of men in the Bruyeres Campaign and are resting in Menton while waiting for replacements. Dan joins the 442nd in January 1945. In April 1945, they go to Northern Italy for the final push.

Dan recalls Platoon Sergeant Burt Tanaka allowing him to switch assignments. Three days later, Dan leaves the Riflemen Platoon and joins is in the Weapons Platoon as an ammunition carrier.

During the war in Italy, Dan carries a magazine with him that brings him comfort during combat. He discusses the disadvantages in the Italian Campaign and the life of an Army soldier during wartimes.

When the German soldiers surrender, Dan's company is assigned to guard the prisoners of war. Dan gets to know some of them and says they are nice people. For his service in the Army, Dan receives a Combat Infantryman Badge for 90 days of combat. He also receives a badge for his efforts in the Italian Campaign. In 1945, the atomic bomb is drop-in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, and Dan is still in Italy. Dan is not discharged until 1946. ]]>
Uchimoto, Dan: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Child rearing]]> Kawamoto, Casey: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-10-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tiburon, California]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--France]]> Momoda, Shigeru Gerald: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-09-11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]>
The three Morishita brothers, Kenzo, Leo, and Yutaka, all serve during World War Two but have different duties. Kenzo is Leo's older brother, is in I Company, and one of the eight survivors from the Los battalion Rescue. Leo discusses Kenzo's near-death experience during his combat with German soldiers. Yutaka is the youngest brother, who is in the Air Corps in Germany.

Leo recalls the last push and the Gothic Line. The 442nd encounters many casualties. Previously at Camp Shelby, Leo learns weapon training. Leo is a rifleman for three weeks before he is reassigned to the 442nd as a placement. As a rifleman, Leo carries a Browning Automatic Rifle BR-88.

When Leo is a medic, he recalls treating two soldiers. He describes each event. Leo also shares a story about two Hawaiian soldiers he meets at the medic station.]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After the Pearl Harbor attack, there are some restrictions in place. One of them being curfew time. Leo's basketball coach has to get a permit for Leo to be out past curfew to participate in the basketball game. Later, President Truman signs Executive Order 9066 placing thousands of Japanese Americans into camp. Leo discusses the effects of EO9066 and his family in Salinas, California. Leo's family farm also is searched by the FBI.

Before volunteering for service, Leo attends Northern Montana College for a year. The Morishita family is proud of Kenzo, Leo, and Yukata for joining the Army. The Morishita brothers are inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah. Leo does don't leave at the same time with his brothers because of his feet. Leo joins Kenzo and Yutaka six weeks later at Camp Shelby.

At Camp Shelby, Leo does nine months of basic training, He describes the different training he learns and the discrimination in the South. Even though there is discrimination, there is one kind person Leo meets. He shares his story about Earl Finch and his acts of kindness towards the Nisei.

Overseas, Leo lands in Naples, Italy, and learns there is a need for riflemen. He is no longer a medic. Leo is given a browning automatic rifle.]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Growing up, Shigeo has an active childhood. He works on the plantation with his father growing food, harvesting crops, school projects, and working part-time on the golf course as a caddie service. Although the Iwamasa family did not have a lot of money, Shigeo says they live an honorable life and are happy.

Shigeo reflects on the Pearl Harbor attack and the start of his Military Service. The process of enlisting happens quickly, and Shigeo regrets not telling his parents goodbye. Shigeo travels to the mainland and does basic training at Camp Shelby. At basic training, Shigeo makes friends with some of the mainland soldiers. One of his good friends is Shichizo Toyota. Shigeo discusses their friendship and the impact Shichizo makes on him.

After a year of basic training, Shigeo is shipped overseas to France. Overseas, Shigeo gets measles and is hospitalized. When Shigeo recovers, he receives orders to be a driver for a Major General. ]]>
Iwamasa, Shigeo: narrator]]> Leivich, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Okutsu, Yukio: narrator]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-03-01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Japanese Americans]]> Katayama, Robert: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 April 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Italy]]> World War II--France]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Wilson, Jack Wayne: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-07-09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Antonio, Texas]]> World War II--Amphibious operations]]> World War II--European Theater--Rome-Arno Campaign--Cassino]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Vosges--"Rescue of the Lost Battalion"]]>
Jack grows up during the Prohibition era. At a young age, he tries to earn extra money by selling empty bottles to Bootleggers and catches Blue Gills.

After high school, Jack helps build Long Ship Tanks (LST)at the shipyard in Evansville, Indiana. Jack gets promoted to the number one layout man. Shortly after, Jack receives his draft notice and passes his physical examination. He is selected to be in the Navy; however, Jack wants to join the Army.

Jack starts basic training at Camp Blanding and joins to the 36th Division. He recalls the events of World War Two and the European Theater Operations from Mount Longo, Rapido River, Cassino, Montelimar, Italy. Jack, and his Company battle against enemy fire.

During the invasions, Jack is injured a few times and receives the Purple Heart twice. ]]>
Wilson, Jack Wayne: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009-11-02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]>
World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Hirayama, Fred: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 March 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Combat--Weapons--Artillery]]> Tsuji, Isami Mike: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--Travel, leisure]]> Tsuji, Isami Mike: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Pomona]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Tsuneishi, Noel: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Being part of the mortar unit, he describes the dangers that are faced on the battlefields. He shares his experiences of the Lost Battalion rescue, breaking the Gothic Line, and Bruyeres.

When the war ends, he sees two of his brothers overseas. Post-war, Seichi returns home and works at Molokai plantation and Del Monte Kunia before retiring. He gets married and has three children and five grandchildren.

Seichi talks about the Nisei legacy and the contributions of the 442nd for future generations. ]]>
Sakaida, Seichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Seichi describes growing up on a plantation in Molokai and being near a Leper Colony. Seichi attends Molokai Elementary School, Molokai Intermediate School, and Molokai High School. Throughout his school years, he participates in sports and the plantation league.

After graduating High School, he works on the plantation at the auto repair shop. He recalls December 7, and the restrictions that are in effect after the Pearl Harbor attack. Seichi volunteers for the military. When he passes his physical he is sent to Schofield barracks.

Seichi goes overseas to the Mainland for basic training at Camp Shelby. Seichi discusses his basic training experience and segregation in Mississippi. ]]>
Sakaida, Seichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Kubo, Harry: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service]]> Kubota, Mike Yoshio: narrator]]> Yee, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Matsumura, Fred: narrator]]> Amano, Iris: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Mass Removal ("Evacuation")]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Identity and values]]> Inouye, Henry: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]>
In Toyota's early years he recalls discrimination. As a child he would swim in irrigation rivers because Japanese Americans are not allowed to swim in the public pools. He also recollects his oldest brother born in Japan is not allow to immigrate to the United States due to the Immigration Law in 1924.

In 1940, the Peace Time Draft is in effect and the first ten numbers are to enlist for service. Toyota is the third number to be called by President Roosevelt. Toyota remembers the Japanese American Community providing a big send for the Nisei. The first ten drafts are Nisei and they go to Fort Ord. Toyota is assign to 7th Division; Mechanized Calvary Unit and drives an armor scout car four wheel drive fully armor with machine gun.

When Pearl Harbor is attack, Toyota is in service and recalls hearing about the attack during a basketball tournament. Part of his duty during the war is to scout up and down the Pacific Coast for Japanese submarine. Later The Japanese American soldiers' guns are taken away and ship to Michigan.

Simultaneous at this time when Toyota is getting ready to be ship, his family is getting ready for evacuation to Salinas. From the stress of events, Toyota's Mother has a stroke. His family is later related to Poston. He is unable to see his Mother years later.



]]>
Toyota, Kameo: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]>

Clarence and Robert discuss being in basic training for almost a year before deployment overseas. Both men go to France and share their first time seeing action and their first time in battle.

Although, Clarence is assigned to K Company and Robert to M Company they both are at Hill 140. Clarence describes the battle and seeing dead soldiers for the first time.

At Luciano, Italy, Robert is wounded by shrapnel, and Clarence is hit by artillery fire. During their one month break after Luciano, M Company has mine training. Clarence and Robert discuss the different types of mines.

Clarence and Robert also talk about German weapons versus American weapons. Even though the German has some powerful weapons, the Americans surprised the Germans with the 88. ]]>
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator
Nagata, Robert: narrator]]>
Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Clarence and Robert discuss their experience leaving Hawaii and going to the Mainland. They arrive in Oakland, CA, and go to Mississippi. On the train ride to Mississippi, Clarence says they are ordered to black out the windows.

At Camp Shelby, they have their basic training. Clarence and Robert talk about the differences between the Hawaiian Nisei and Mainland Nisei. To understand the Mainland Nisei, the Hawaiian Nisei goes to visit the internment camps. Clarence goes to Jerome and Robert goes to Rohwer. They each share their perspectives and experience visiting the camps.

In Hattiesburg, Clarence and Robert witness segregation and shares their stories. ]]>
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator
Nagata, Robert: narrator]]>
Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Clarence and Robert discuss being in basic training for almost a year before deployment overseas. Both men go to France and share their first time seeing action and their first time in battle.

Although, Clarence is assigned to K Company and Robert to M Company they both are at Hill 140. Clarence describes the battle and seeing dead soldiers for the first time.

At Luciano, Italy, Robert is wounded by shrapnel, and Clarence is hit by artillery fire. During their one month break after Luciano, M Company has mine training. Clarence and Robert discuss the different types of mines.

Clarence and Robert also talk about German weapons versus American weapons. Even though the German has some powerful weapons, the Americans surprised the Germans with the 88. ]]>
Nagata, Robert: narrator
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Clarence and Robert discuss their experience leaving Hawaii and going to the Mainland. They arrive in Oakland, CA, and go to Mississippi.
On the train ride to Mississippi, Clarence says they are ordered to black out the windows.

At Camp Shelby, they have their basic training. Clarence and Robert talk about the differences between the Hawaiian Nisei and Mainland Nisei. To understand the Mainland Nisei, the Hawaiian Nisei goes to visit the internment camps. Clarence goes to Jerome and Robert goes to Rohwer. They each share their perspectives and experience visiting the camps.

In Hattiesburg, Clarence and Robert witness segregation and shares their stories. ]]>
Nagata, Robert: narrator
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

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