Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Industry and employment--Business]]> World War II--Museums]]> Aratani, George Tetsuo: narrator]]> Yamazaki-Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-01-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Industry and employment--Importing]]> Industry and employment--Business]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Aratani, George Tetsuo: narrator]]> Yamazaki-Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-01-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Industry and employment--Importing]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Economic aspects]]> Aratani, George Tetsuo: narrator]]> Yamazaki-Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-01-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]>
Harold discusses his first combat and artillery fire. He says being on the frontline is scary. Having a buddy system with a Nisei veteran helps you learn the dos and don'ts of being in battle. Harold is grateful to Ted Sakahara for his good advice.

After breaking through the Gothic Line, the war ends. Harold stays in Europe until January 1946. He returns to Seattle, WA, and works a few jobs before becoming partners in a jewelry business and a ski retail business.

Harold is active in the ski community and is inducted into the Colorado Ski Hall of Fame. In 1960, he has an opportunity to go to the Olympics. In his spare time, Harold volunteers for the ski patrol.

Harold and his with Edith, have two daughters, a granddaughter, and two great-grandchildren. Harold hopes to instill family values in his children and to work hard. With the contribution of the Nisei legacy, Harold wants future generations and other ethnic groups to have more opportunities and equality. ]]> Horiuchi, Harold: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Araki, James: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
Kenichi is proud of his family, especially of his brother Kiyoshi. Kenichi says Kiyoshi is a true soldier. Anyone who knows Kiyoshi would say the same. He is an outstanding soldier who goes beyond the call of duty.

Kenichi recalls his family receiving a letter that Kiyoshi's Department of the Army Civilian Award (DAC) is upgraded to the Medal of Honor. The whole Muranaga family travels to Washington DC for the ceremony.

On the day of the ceremony, there are at least 20 recipients of the Medal of Honor. Kenichi discusses the contribution of the Nisei legacy and what it means to be in a segregated unit.

Although the government gives reparations, Kenichi shares his sentiments on the issue.

]]> Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
In 1944, Kiyoshi volunteers for the 442nd. Kenichi and Yoshiro also want to volunteer, but Kiyoshi says one person from their family is enough. Their mother agrees.

At Amache, a loyalty questionnaire is given to the internees. Kenichi explains his thoughts on the questions and what is a no-no boy. Although, Santa Anita and Amache's security is almost the same. Kenchi says you can leave Amache to go to work. Sometimes Kenichi goes to the nearest city Granada for entertainment.

In camp, Kenichi receives his draft notice and reports to Fort Logan for induction. After, he goes to Camp Blanding for his basic training. While in basic training, Kenichi gets news of his brother Kiyoshi's death. Kenichi returns to Amache for the funeral service.

When Kenichi goes overseas, he understands what war is. He sees causalities first hand. He describes Champagne Campaign, Bruyeres, and the Gothic Line. At the end of the war, Kenichi has a chance to join the Military Intelligence Service (MIS). However, he decides to return to the States and get married.

Post-war, Kenichi marries Yoshiko, and they have been married for 60 years. He works a few jobs before owning seven laundromats.
]]> Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Post-war, Robert meets Keiko Matsubara at Armstrong Business College in Berkeley. Robert and Keiko date for a year before getting married in 1949. Robert and Keiko have one son, two daughters, and eight grandchildren.

Robert shares a message with his grandchildren.]]> Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]>
In 1946, Shigeru and his brother buys a nursery together called Rainbow Nursery. He works there until 1980. During Shigeru's retirement years, he stays active and starts a 49ers Club at the YMCA.

Shigeru shares his feeling on how the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) is classified pre and post-war. Iba's wife, Toshi Beverly Iba, joins the interview and speaks about her childhood in Japan after her mother's passing. ]]> Iba, Shigeru: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Shigeru's family is in Amache, CO, while he is in the Army. He discusses that his father losses the nursery business due to evacuation. When he returns to the United States, Shigeru uses his furlough to visit his family in Amache.

Shigeru's homecoming is not what he expected. He explains the treatment towards Japanese Americans is different on the West Coast versus the East Coast. After being discharged from the Army, Shigeru looks for employment with his oldest brother. They buy a nursery on Florence Avenue in Los Angeles, CA.
]]> Iba, Shigeru: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
At home, Hitoshi's Issei parents teach him and his siblings Shushin - Japanese morals and values. For example, honor the family, study hard, persevere, and Ganbare. Besides attending primary school, Hitoshi attends Japanese Language School and kendo. At home, Hitoshi speaks Japanese.

Growing up in Pasadena, Hitoshi attends the Pasadena Unified School District throughout his school years. The school district is a cosmopolitan demographic with diversity. As a child, Hitoshi feels everyone is the same despite coming from different ancestry. After graduating High School, Hitoshi works part-time to pay for his tuition at the University of Southern California.

He recalls his childhood friends and their Military service during World War Two.

]]> Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
When the news of the war is over, Masato Yamashita hears that they might go to the Pacific, and soldiers from I Company sign up for the Military Intelligence Service (MIS).

At the end of the war, Masato's duty is guarding German Prisoners and attends school. Lloyd Fujitani also has guard duty at the end of the war. He watches over the surplus supply and Army equipment. Lloyd recalls the Army recruiting him for the 88th Division. However, he wants to return home.

In December, Masato is discharged and returns to Lodi, CA. He lives with his mother since the passing of his father. Masato works on the ranch for a few years before going to National Trade School to learn mechanics. Later he works at Pine Street Garage in Lodi for ten years. Masato saves enough money and buys the building next door to the auto shop. He owns a supply store called Pine Auto Supply for several years before selling the business.

In September 1946, Lloyd is discharge. Lloyd works on the ten-acre vineyard producing wine for winemakers.

Masato and Lloyd discuss the Nisei legacy. Masato says Japanese Americans and other Asians have more equality now than before thanks to the 442nd contributions.


]]> Yamashita, Masato: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Varsity Victory Volunteers]]> Ida, Fred: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Matsuo, Franz Shiro: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Industry and employment--Hotel industry]]> Inaba, Goro: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 March 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Holualoa, Hawaii

]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yoshitake, Henry: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Montebello, California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Kobayashi, George: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 March 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Kobayashi, George: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 March 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Takashige, Robert: narrator]]> Tanaka, Priscilla: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Koyano, Wesley: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Yukihiro, Tsutomu: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yukihiro, Tsutomu: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Social activities]]> Identity and values]]> Education]]>
Kitaoka attends school at Playa Del Rey and Venice School District. He discusses the social class level and economic level of his classmates. Kitaoka attends Venice High school for a semester before transferring to a high School in Norwalk. During Kitaoka's youth he enjoys listening to the radio. His favorite radio programs are Jack Armstrong, football games and boxing matches. Growing up Kitaoka helps with his family business after school.

]]> Kitaoka, Harvey: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 January 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Shinmoto, Minoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 January 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Ken shares a message for future generations is to simplify your life. The more possessions you have, the more you have to worry about. Ken suggests not to listen to too many people, be honest, and have integrity. With honestly, and integrity people cannot hurt you. Ken recalls how he is raised by his Issei parents and raises his children the same way.

After opening a watch store for serval years, Ken changes his career to electronics. He works as an instrument mechanic for five years and retires at 65 years old.

Towards the end of the interview, Ken describes some photos.]]> Tamura, Ken: narrator]]> Lim, Reuben: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Education]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]>
]]> Shimomura, Seiichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> The Pacific Bridge Companies: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Manhattan, New York ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]>
Growing up, Watada recalls his Father's characteristic as "Father knows best" and has expectations for Watada since is the only son in the family. With these expectations, Watada is obedient and quiet. Watada's Father is a hard worker and works at a produce store. His Father also would go fishing occasionally.

Watada's Mother Tane Watada is born in 1903 in Japan. She is a housewife and shortly before the war, she would help at the produce market. Watada recalls his Mother being gentle and soft spoken. Her favorite activity is gardening.

Watada has a younger sister Alice and at home they speak half Japanese and half English. His childhood friends growing up are from his neighborhood. They would play games and sports in the streets. Another childhood memory Watada recalls is celebrating New Year and the variety of food.





]]> Watada, Richard: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> Otani, Akira: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Otani, Akira: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Otani, Akira: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Sato, Roy: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Rancho Cordova, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Inami, Joe: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> World War II--Evacuation of civilians]]> Kimura, Robert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 April 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
In 1939, George decided to start his grocery store after working in the Produce Market in Willington. In late 1940, George received a draft notice from the Army and reported to San Pedro MacArthur Induction Center in February 1941. George completed basic training within four months.

On December 7, George was on leave from the Army when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Several days later, all the Nisei soldiers were placed in a warehouse. The following year, George received a letter from the Company Commander that he was reassigned to an unlisted reserve.

Shortly after going home, George was evacuated to Santa Anita Assembly Center. He worked in the Personnel Department for about five months until the internees were sent to different camps. Summer of 1942, George went to Tule Lake until the Army sent him a letter to report to Camp Savage for Military Intelligence Service Language School. In his free time, he took a bus to Minneapolis.

In the summer of 1943, George went overseas to the Central Pacific Area. On his team, there were eight Niseis were from the mainland and two Niseis from Honolulu, Hawaii. The training at the MIS School helped prepare George for his role overseas. George learned interrogation, translation, and interpretation.

George's duty overseas was an interrogation. He recalls in Saipan, he went with Sergeant Honda to interrogate people hiding in the cave. For his service in Saipan, George was awarded the Bronze Star for going above and beyond his duty. He also received a letter of accommodation for his service in the Marshall Islands. George helped interpret the coral islands' map and found a harbor for the squadron team to protect them from submarine attacks.

After his service in Saipan, George went to Honolulu for rest. Years later, George was assigned to return to Saipan to train 20 new Niseis for one month on weapons.
]]> Matsui, George: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Industry and employment--Business]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> Mizufuka, Frank: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-07-20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Japan--Military]]> Education--Higher education]]> Industry and employment--Business]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Photography]]> Yamaguchi, Kazuo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-05-04]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Manhattan (New York), New York]]> Immigration and citizenship--The Journey]]> Immigration and citizenship--Arrival]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Industry and employment]]> Yamaguchi, Kazuo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-05-04]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Manhattan (New York), New York]]> World War II--Military service--Travel, leisure]]> Social activities--Dating (social customs)]]> Child rearing]]> Identity and values--Children]]> Takahashi, Masao: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-11-10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Industry and employment--Small business]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Community activities]]> Child rearing--moral education]]> Okamoto, Allen: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-05-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Small business]]> Kimoto, Herbert: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-06-22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Identity and values]]> Education]]> Industry and employment--Business]]> Uyemura, Ben: Narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: Interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: Publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-01-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]>