Ray attended Coronado High School and got good grades. He credits his education in Japan for doing well in high school. In addition to Ray's academic studies, he was elected student body treasurer and ran track. Ray was popular with his peers and had many friends.

On December 7, 1941, Ray's life changed when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Many of Ray's friends treated him differently at school, and Ray was forcibly removed to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then to Poston, AZ.

Ray relocated alone because his father was in Crystal City, Texas, and his older brother volunteered for the Army in 1942. Life in the camp was tough, and Ray had to care for himself.

Ray graduated from high school in the camp and left Poston to work in Chicago, IL. Soon after, he found a better job working as a bookkeeper. Ray saved enough money to attend the University of Minnesota, and when his finances ran low, he volunteered for the Army.

Ray started his career as an auditor working in Japan at the Civil Censorship Detachment (CCD) during the occupation. Next, he was a translator in Tokyo civil service and Okinawa civil service. Ray's second time in Japan was with the Air Force Audit Agency and working around Asia. When Ray retired, Northrop offered him a job and traveled to Korea, Saudi Arabia, and various states in the United States for auditing.

In Ray's retirement years, he enjoys playing golf and going on cruises. Ray has been married to the love of his life for 57 years and has three children and three grandchildren. Ray hopes his grandchildren have a good education and a job they enjoy. For the future of America, he hopes there are no more wars.]]>
Mayeda, Ray: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Vosges--Bruyeres, Belmont, Biffontaine]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Akita, Stanley: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 October 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]>
In 1938, Nob graduates high school. When his younger brother Ace graduates high school a few years later, Ace gives Nob a chance for higher education. However, the war starts.

On December 7, Nob hears the news about Pearl Harbor. Nob says the community of Bell treated his family well. They did not experience any discrimination. In May 1942, Nob and his family go to Manzanar.

At Manzanar, Nob works and plays baseball to pass the time. Later he leaves Manzanar briefly to work on a sugar beet farm in Montana. When he returns to Manzanar, he takes a Military Intelligence Service (MIS) exam and passes.

Nob and ten others from Manzanar go to Camp Savage for six months of training. Nob training focuses on conversational Japanese, Japanese military terms, and kanji. After training, Nob goes overseas to New Guinea.

Nob discusses discrimination in the military and the lack of promotions with Japanese Americans. He recalls Ensign Sherman, an advocate for the MIS. Moreover, Nob describes his experiences with Prisoners of War (POWs) in New Guinea and Luzon, and the Philippines.





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Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Italy]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Industry and employment]]> Koyano, Wesley: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Germany]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> Unoura, Makoto: narrator]]> Estano, Mike: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Military service]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Germany]]> Unoura, Makoto: narrator]]> Estano, Mike: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
James recalls the day of the bombing of Pearl harbor. He says it is regular business at the Kobayashi's family restaurant. However, the following days after, business slowed down. In San Bernardino, there are not many effects on Japanese Americans because not a lot of Japanese Americans lived in the area. Many of the Japanese farmers moved to Coachella and Riverside because the farming soil is better.

The bombing of Pearl harbor created restrictions such as a curfew and a notice of evacuation for Japanese Americans. The Kobayashi family sells their restaurant and temporarily lives at the Japanese Church before evacuation.

James describes arriving at Poston, Arizona, and living conditions. James is at Poston for a year for going to Utah and Chicago for work. In Chicago, he receives his draft notice and beings his Army life. ]]>
Kobayashi, James: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Ken's father immigrated to the United States from Fukushima-ken, Japan, to help his family financially. In Sacramento, he worked in the rice field and a cannery. After saving enough money, he opened a delicatessen store in Downtown Sacramento. Ken's mother was a housewife who cared for seven children (five boys and two girls).

Ken grew up in a farming background in Sacramento. He enjoyed being outdoors, playing with his friends, and watching movies. The family moved around several times before setting in the Bay area.

Before the Pearl Harbor attack, Ken had aspirations to graduate High School and attend college. On December 7, Ken was at home listening to the radio when he heard the news about Pearl Harbor.

When Executive Order 9066 was signed by the President, Ken's family evacuated from their residence. Ken and his family went to Tanforan Assembly Center. He described the living conditions and life at Tanforan before going to Topaz, Utah.




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Nihei, Ken: narrator]]> Hanamura, Wendy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After the signing of Executive Order 9066, Sachio and his family went to Turlock and the Gila River. Sachio worked briefly on the farm and made camouflage before leaving Gila River to work on a farm in Nevada.

Later, Sachio left Nevada and went to Blackfoot, Idaho, to sort potatoes for the winter. Then, he moved to Chicago to work at a machine shop. In Chicago, Sachio's status changed from 4C to 1A, and eligible for the draft. He returned to camp and was inducted into the Army.

Sachio reported to Fort Douglas and went to Camp Blanding for basic training. After completing training, Sachio was discharged at Fort Sheridan. Sachio went to Gila River temporarily and then to Chicago to work in a machine shop.

When the camp was closing, Sachio returned to Gila to help his family relocate. The family moved to Rocky Ford, Colorado, to farm tomatoes.
Sachio recalls learning the war ended and discussed his thoughts on the atomic bomb.

Sachio received a notice from the California Draft Board for not serving six months during the war. He was inducted into the Army for the second time and sent to Fort Riley. Then he went to Fort Benning, Georgia. Sachio went to Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) training and was assigned to the Headquarters of Pacific Command in Honolulu. Later, Sachio was assigned to Enewetak for six to eight months for security duty.





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Takata, Sachio Jack: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]>

At Tule Lake, George remembered the barbed wires around the parameter, barracks, and guards in the guard towers. George was at Tule Lake for a few months before reporting to Camp Savage for Military Intelligence Service Language School. George learned interrogation, translation, and interpretation in Japanese.

During the Pacific Theater, one of his worst memory for him was seeing dead bodies. George recalls trying to save Japanese civilians and soldiers. For his accomplishments in Saipan, George was awarded the Bronze Star. He could not talk about his war experience previously because of the effects it had on him.

After George's service in Saipan, he went to Honolulu for a rest period. He spent his time attending USO events and corresponding with his wife. George shared a story of how he sent a proposal letter and engagement ring to her. He also mentioned learning about the passing of Frank Hachiya.

Besides Saipan, George went to Marshall Island. Marshall Island was George's first operation with the 7th Division. For his accomplishment in deciphering the hydrographic map, George received a letter of accommodation.

When George learned the war had ended, he was happy. George felt he was lucky to serve in two campaigns in the Pacific Theater. He credited the men who served in China, Burma, and India for doing a great job.
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Matsui, George: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>