The community of Gallup after the Pearl Harbor attack did not blame the Japanese Americans for the bombing. Shortly after December 7, law enforcement came to Hershey's home and confiscated the radio and camera. Some of the men in Gallup tried to volunteer but were labeled 4C "enemy alien." They had to wait to receive a draft notice to serve in the Army.

In January 1944, Hershey was drafted into the Army. Hershey tried to volunteer a year earlier but was not accepted. After getting the draft notice, Hershey reported to Camp Blanding, Florida, and Camp Shelby, Mississippi, for training.

Hershey discusses the relationship between the Hawaiian soldiers and the Mainland soldiers. Hershey made friends easily and got along with the Hawaiian soldiers.

When the 442nd replacement was leaving for overseas, seven soldiers and Hershey stayed behind due to their age. Then Hershey was assigned to the 100th Battalion, D Company, the heavy weapons company. Hershey then took 13 weeks of heavy weapons basic training.

Later, Hershey was attached to the 171st Separate Battalion. After arriving in Naples, Italy, Hershey learned the war ended in Europe. Hershey was assigned to guard the POWs and military and medical supplies.

Hershey spent most of his time in Italy except when he went on furlough to Switzerland. When Hershey returned to the mainland, there were festivities welcoming home the soldiers. Hershey reported to Fort Meade for his discharge, but he reenlisted for the Army Reserve for three years. ]]>
Miyamura, Hiroshi "Hershey"; narrator]]> Yamazaki, Christine; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-07-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Education--Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service--documents, translation of]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Aka, Raymond: narrator]]> Tanabe, James: interviewer]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii]]> 2004-01-13]]> eng]]> jpn]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]>
When Pearl Harbor was attacked, James was a sophomore in high school. He recalls evacuation and going to the Portland Stockyards. Later the family volunteers to work on a farm in Nyssa, OR, pulling sugar beets.

In Nyssa, James was on a boxing team in high school, and he also played baseball. James's boxing class was 120, and his record was five draws and five wins (within two years).

The Farming Servicing Administration (FSA) ran the tent camp in Nyssa. James recalls the housing was awful. However, his mother took the responsibility of cooking the meals and making the tent space livable for the family. The Fujii family lived at the tent camp for two years, and James recalled the winter months being cold.

At Nyssa, there were many people from Troutdale and Gresham area. Ten miles away from Nyssa, there was a CCC camp. The families from Nyssa were supposed to move there in the third year. However, the war ended. The CCC camp was an upgrade from Nyssa's tent camp.

While the Fujii family was at Nyssa, James' brother, Kazuo, went into service and visited the family on furlough. James recalls that wartime changed Kazuo's personality.

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Fujii, James: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

The journey being when Janet watches a television special on the 442nd. After researching, Janet corresponds with a Nisei veteran, and Janet's thank you letter becomes published.

On a holiday trip, the Hardwick sisters visit the Japanese American Memorial in Washington D.C. and leave a photo of their father with a thank you note. This gesture opens the door to networking with more Nisei veterans and learning about the Nisei legacy. Furthermore, an invite to the 442nd reunion.

Although Janet and Susan's father did not discuss his wartime experience much, he did express his gratitude and admiration for the 442nd. He says the 442nd are the only ones who can get the job done and rescued the Lost Battalion.

Janet and Susan talk about sharing the history of the Japanese Americans with their family and future generations. The heroic actions of the 442nd save their father's life and gave them valuable time together before his passing.]]>
Brown, Janet: narrator]]> Hardwick, Susan: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Although William's unit is not assigned to the Lost Battalion rescue, he discusses the events and gives credit to his unit for helping to get the Germans out of the Vosges area.

After leaving Southern France, William returns to Italy for the last push at the Gothic Line. He remembers moving fast through the towns. The Rifle Company and William's company are both facing casualties. William's company loses serval men plus their Company Commander. The replacement Company Commander is Nishimura.

William discusses the German surrendering and the end of the war. He leaves Italy in November and returns to California to Camp Beale. From there, he goes on a boat to Hawaii and is discharged from the Army in December.

Post-war, William furthers his education at the University of Hawaii and works for the Water Department for 17 years. He gets married and has four children and six grandchildren.

Furthermore, William talks about the importance of character building, his Issei uncle, and Shiego Joseph Takata. Despite the racial prejudices, the Nisei veterans persevered and showed oyakoukou - bringing honor to their parents and their county.
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Thompson, William Yoshito: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Eddy's mother was concerned and wanted to remove any Japanese items from the house. Eddy helps his parents destroy Japanese belongings from their home. The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, the FBI came to pick up Eddy's father. A few days later, Eddy's father returned home. Eddy experiences racism. Eddy's mother encourages him to continue going to school despite the negative experience.

When Eddy returns from Japan to the United States, he gradually starts to feel accepted. He did not have a connection with Japan, even though Japan was his ancestral home. Eddy recalls President Roosevelt's speech after Pearl Harbor. Eddy feels disbelief that the Japanese Americans are not considered citizens of the United States. Although Eddy's parents are not citizens of the United States, they acted like good citizens. Eddy's parents followed the law and are honest, hard-working people.

On evacuation day, the Kurushima family goes to Fresno Fair Grounds Relocation Center. They stay there for six months before going to Jerome, AR. Eddy describes the living conditions and the attitude of shikata ga nai. ]]>
Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Education]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> Uchiyama, Mikio: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 May 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Law and legislation--Alien land laws--California]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Race--Racism]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Kishiue, Nobuo Richard: narrator]]> Lim, R: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 May 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Artillery operations]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> World War II--Casualties]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> Imoto, Yoshio: narrator]]> Okitsu, Walter: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Toyota: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 November 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Diego, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Arrests, searches, and seizures]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Race--Race relations]]> Furukawa, Richard: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> World War II--Department of Justice Internment Camps--Crystal City]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
When the war starts, Camp Savage opens, Yoshio sees John again at the Military Intelligence Service Language School. The Military Intelligence Service is a top-secret unit. Yoshio credits them for their hard work and contributions.

The cold weather is the most memorable thing at Camp Savage for Yoshio. He wears long johns and heavy coats to get used to the cold. When Yoshio has free time, he goes to town to eat at a Chinese restaurant, USO, or watch movies.

In June 1944, Yoshio and his wife marry in Minneapolis. They have a dozen friends there. However, their family does not attend because they are in Manzanar. When Yoshio hears the war has ended, he hopes to go home soon. However, his wife is pregnant and cannot travel.

Yoshio's daughter was born in January 1945. They stay in Minneapolis, and he does odd jobs until they can travel to West Los Angeles. When Yoshio comes home, his home is full of people from Manzanar. After Manzanar, some people have nowhere to go. Yoshio discusses the internment camps, and he does not feel it is necessary.

After being placed in camp, Yoshio feels like the Japanese American community has to rebuild what they had. The Japanese American community bonded together and persevered.
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Izumi, Yoshio: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Toyota: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Yamaguchi, Samuel: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 September 11 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]>
Shigeru recalls his school years at McKinley High School and the University of Hawaii. On November 14, 1941, Shigeru receives his draft notice. He discusses the events of Pearl Harbor and going to the Mainland to Camp McCoy.

At Camp McCoy, Shigeru goes through intense training and visits his brother in Chicago, IL, on his furloughs. ]]>
Inouye, Shigeru: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Race--Military segregation]]> Race--Race relations]]> World War II--Department of Justice Internment Camps]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Keegan, Christopher: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Activism and involvement--Civil rights]]> Nakahara, Peter: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-03-02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California]]>