There are four members in Gary's family since his mother remarries. Gary describes the barrack structure and living conditions. Gary says it is easy to make friends at camp but going to different mess halls to eat. The structure of the mess halls at the assembly center changes the family dynamic doing meal times. Before camp, Japanese American families would eat together. Now the children look for their peers to eat with them. In addition, the parents are finding jobs in camp to earn extra money.

After a few months at Stockton Assembly Center, Gary and his family go to Rohwer, AK. The trip takes four days, and there are no showers amenities. In Rohwer, there are approximately 9,500 Japanese Americans. Gary says they arrive at Rohwer in October and the Issei parents organize a schooling system for the children.

Gary is a junior in high school, and there are approximately 170 students. He meets different peers from Washington and various parts of California. Before the war, Gary recalls his mother telling him that he is born and raised in the United States. America is his homeland. His mother also instills in him the attitude of shikata ga nai and do not make waves.]]>
Shiota, Henry Gary: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Each person is only allowed to bring what they can carry. The designation of the camp is not announced to the evacuees. Therefore, you do not know if you are going somewhere hot or cold. Tadayoshi recalls going into their barracks for the first time.

The Sugiyama family is at Turlock from April to September and then travel by train to camp with the windows blackout. On the train, there are military personals (MP). They arrive at Casa Grande, but the camp is not fully built yet. Tadayoshi recalls helping with the construction.

Tadayoshi's Issei parents did not say much about the evacuation even though they have a hard time adjusting to camp. His father works at the mess hall as a cook, his older brother works at the hospital as a doctor, and Tadayoshi works as an x-ray technician. The Japanese Americans have to adjust to life at camp. There are dances, playing sports and Japanese shows. Tadayoshi says many of the Issei are very talented performing in the Japanese shows. He recalls in camp they are given a loyalty questionnaire and he discusses medical health care in camp.

Tadayoshi is about to enroll at the University of Minnesota and then receives a letter from the Army to join. Tadayoshi decides to go Camp Savage and see if he can join the Military Intelligence Service (MIS). He takes an exam and passes.

Tadayoshi discusses Army life and basic training. In July 1945, Tadayoshi goes overseas to the Philippines and Japan. Before going overseas, Tadayoshi gets married. ]]>
Sugiyama, Tadayoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In September 1942, Frank was 24 years old when he arrived in Heart Mountain. In June 1943, he was waiting to join the Army, but he never received the news. Frank was classified as 4C - enemy alien. Therefore, he went to work at a peach orchard in Utah. The family dynamics changed in camp. There was no more family mealtime, and you ate by yourself or with friends.

Another division created in camp was the loyalty questionnaire. The questionnaire created a discussion among the Japanese American men to volunteer or not volunteer for service. Frank and his younger brother decided to volunteer.

On July 26, he was inducted into the Army. Frank attends a Recruit School for basic training at Camp Shelby. In his free time, he would go to Hattiesburg and visit friends. He recalls the discrimination and segregation of African Americans. Frank shared a story about a bus ride to Rohwer and the treatment of African Americans.
]]>
Shimada, Sumio Frank: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Industry and employment]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Aki, Patrick: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Teragawa, Robert: narrator: Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 June 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
In Japan, Ken and his family live at their grandmother's home (Ken's mother's mother). Ken discusses adjusting to living in Japan and going to school.

When Ken is almost eighteen years old, the Tamura family moves back to the United States and resides in Los Angeles, CA. Ken recalls December 7 and evacuating to Pomona. Ken describes camp life and Heart Mountain Wyoming. ]]>
Tamura, Ken: narrator]]> Lim, Reuben: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> Wada, Frank: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Ken's father immigrated to the United States from Fukushima-ken, Japan, to help his family financially. In Sacramento, he worked in the rice field and a cannery. After saving enough money, he opened a delicatessen store in Downtown Sacramento. Ken's mother was a housewife who cared for seven children (five boys and two girls).

Ken grew up in a farming background in Sacramento. He enjoyed being outdoors, playing with his friends, and watching movies. The family moved around several times before setting in the Bay area.

Before the Pearl Harbor attack, Ken had aspirations to graduate High School and attend college. On December 7, Ken was at home listening to the radio when he heard the news about Pearl Harbor.

When Executive Order 9066 was signed by the President, Ken's family evacuated from their residence. Ken and his family went to Tanforan Assembly Center. He described the living conditions and life at Tanforan before going to Topaz, Utah.




]]>
Nihei, Ken: narrator]]> Hanamura, Wendy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Tateishi, Tetsuo: narrator]]> Ono, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 April 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Ikari, Norman: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Arlington, Virginia ]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Pomona]]> Sakamoto, Manabu: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Half of Sachio's youth was in Southern California and then in Northern California. Sachio enjoyed school. He attended primary school and Japanese Language School. After class, he would go home and help on the farm. Sachio describes harvesting different crops on 70 acres. Sachio grew up during the Great Depression. Although he had many interests, Sachio had to save every penny to buy model airplanes, a photography camera, and parts for the crystal radio set. The nearest town was Stockton, and Sachio watched cowboy movies often.

On December 7, Sachio was working on the farm, when he heard about Pearl Harbor. The following day, Sachio heard President Roosevelt declare war. Shortly after there were travel restrictions and a curfew enforced. Sachio recalls having the mentality of shikata ga nai and not trying to fight city hall. In camp, he did not participate in strikes.

On February 19, 1946, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, and Japanese Americans had to be evacuated from the western area. Sachio and his family evacuated to the assembly center and took what they could carry. At Turlock, Sachio spent most of his time working at the mess hall as a pantry clerk.
]]>
Takata, Sachio Jack: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]>
World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Merced]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> Education]]> Taniguchi, Howard: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 May 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Merced, California ]]> Education--Primary education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Living conditions]]> Sameshima, Jack: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-07-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington]]> World War II--Casualties]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> Community activities]]> Identity and values--Nisei]]> Hikido, Katsumi: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-08-22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Cupertino, California]]>

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