Taira gets ready to go overseas but is delayed by a measles outbreak. Traveling overseas in the Atlantic Ocean is rough. When he lands in France, the 442nd has gone to Italy. He goes to Leghorn to catch up with the 442nd.

He arrives in Italy to meet with the 442nd. Before going overseas, Taira received training as a rifleman but now is assigned as 3rd Battalion Medic, Company M. As a medic, the Tech Sergeant takes Taira under his guidance. Taira says the are some advantages to being under his position. Taira is treated well as a medic.

In Italy, Taira's first battle is the Gothic Line. When Taira is in the frontline, the hardest part for him is to let go of the idea do not mess up. His cultural value and his father's words stick with him. When the war ends, Taira returns to the 3rd Battalion in Pisa.

During the occupation, Taira goes to Switzerland for his rest period. Taira says the locals are friendly and recalls some of their nice gestures. Taira discusses the black market.

In October 1946, Taira is discharged, and he goes to Richton. With the GI Bill, Taira attends Drake University and then the University of Utah. He studies bacteriology. In 1951, Taira graduates from the University of Utah. He finds a job in a lab part-time while going to graduate school.

Taira's marries Nobuko Okumura and have a son together. After his parents lose their job at Seabrook Farm, they come live with Taira and Nobuko.

Taira hopes the treatment of the Japanese Americans will not happen to anyone else. He says the Japanese American situation is how you see it. The Japanese Americans did not have civil rights. As times are changing and the opportunities for the next generation are getting better.

Taira briefly talks about Ken Uchida and narrates a few photos from the evacuation.


]]>
Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

As a youth, Taira is aware of world events from the LA Times. He reads about land leasing and the war overseas. However, Taira thinks poverty is more important news in those days. On December 7, Taira is playing football with the Japanese American kids. He recalls Charlie Chaplin is filming the movie The Great Dictator across the street.

The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, Taira goes to school on the bus. The school has an assembly and shows support for the Japanese Americans. He discusses the treatment after December 7, and he does not realize the severity of the situation until the evacuation.

Besides evacuation, there are curfew hours. Taira says he only goes to school and straight comes home. Moreover, He recalls neighbors coming and taking the plants from the front yard and asking low prices for their belongings.

Taira believes his family is the first to go to camp because his relatives volunteer to help build Manzanar. Taira's brother loses his job after Pearl Harbor and decides to help with the construction of Manzanar.

Taira describes the living condition at Manzanar. Briefly, He leaves camp to work on a farm in Idaho and attends Idaho Falls High School. However, working and going to school is tough. He returns to Manzanar and finishes high school in the camp. He studies journalism and is the senior editor.

In camp, Taira answers the loyalty questionnaire and explains the different possibilities of answering the questionnaire. In 1944, he is drafted into the Army with his brother Jim. Taira and Jim, go to Fort Douglas, and the other Nisei go to Camp Blanding or Camp Hood.

Camp Hood is for the anti-tank unit. However, Taira is a rife replacement for the 442nd. Taira is assigned to Company A 140th Battalion, and their unit is known as the Flying A. He describes life in basic training. His training is cut from 18 weeks to 16 weeks due to the Battle of Bulge.
]]>
Fukushima, Taira: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Draft resisters]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yenokida, Susumu: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 July 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Colorado, Denver]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Falk, Stanley: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 July 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Virginia ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> Konoshima, Akio: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 July 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bethesda, Maryland ]]>
Clarence and Robert discuss their experience leaving Hawaii and going to the Mainland. They arrive in Oakland, CA, and go to Mississippi.
On the train ride to Mississippi, Clarence says they are ordered to black out the windows.

At Camp Shelby, they have their basic training. Clarence and Robert talk about the differences between the Hawaiian Nisei and Mainland Nisei. To understand the Mainland Nisei, the Hawaiian Nisei goes to visit the internment camps. Clarence goes to Jerome and Robert goes to Rohwer. They each share their perspectives and experience visiting the camps.

In Hattiesburg, Clarence and Robert witness segregation and shares their stories. ]]>
Nagata, Robert: narrator
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Although William's unit is not assigned to the Lost Battalion rescue, he discusses the events and gives credit to his unit for helping to get the Germans out of the Vosges area.

After leaving Southern France, William returns to Italy for the last push at the Gothic Line. He remembers moving fast through the towns. The Rifle Company and William's company are both facing casualties. William's company loses serval men plus their Company Commander. The replacement Company Commander is Nishimura.

William discusses the German surrendering and the end of the war. He leaves Italy in November and returns to California to Camp Beale. From there, he goes on a boat to Hawaii and is discharged from the Army in December.

Post-war, William furthers his education at the University of Hawaii and works for the Water Department for 17 years. He gets married and has four children and six grandchildren.

Furthermore, William talks about the importance of character building, his Issei uncle, and Shiego Joseph Takata. Despite the racial prejudices, the Nisei veterans persevered and showed oyakoukou - bringing honor to their parents and their county.
]]>
Thompson, William Yoshito: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Back on the mainland, Charley shares two incidents that cause trouble at camp. Post-war, he enrolls at the University of Honolulu and meets his wife. He is the first in his family to graduate from college.

Charley and his wife have three sons together. However, one son passes away from a car accident at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. Before going overseas, Charley is threatened by a plantation field supervisor. Charley has a desire to confront the man after returning home from the war. He shares how he handles the matter. ]]>
Ijima, Charles Toyoji: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

The 232nd demographic is composed of Nisei from the Hawaii National Guard roster, transfer soldiers from the mainland, and 442nd. Charley shares stories from the Gothic Line and the rescue of the Lost Battalion in France.

Although Charley is in the 232nd Engineering Company, he says it is rare for an engineer to encounter combat. He recalls two separate incidents when he faces German soldiers in Italy doing reconnaissance work. ]]>
Ijima, Charles Toyoji: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Charley has seven siblings. He describes life going up on a plantation. When Pearl Harbor is bombed, he discusses the restrictions and rations that occur. After high school, Charley volunteers for the 442nd and enlisted at Schofield Barracks. His three other brothers also join the service later. ]]>
Ijima, Charles Toyoji: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Before December 7, 1941, Paul's brother, Joe, and cousin were drafted into service. Paul recalls hearing about the Pearl Harbor attack on the way to see his cousin leave for the Philippines. Paul was a senior in high school when President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066.

March of 1942, the Ichiuji family evacuated, and Paul left school and his friends behind. Paul and his family went to Poston, AZ. Joe was discharged by the Government and he joined his family in Poston. Later, Joe volunteered for the 442nd.

Paul left Boston to go to school and was drafted when he was reclassified to 1A. Before going overseas, he was recruited into the Military Intelligence Service School. However, Paul was not fluent in Japanese. Later, he was recruited to the CIC (Counter Intelligence Corps).

After completing his training at Camp Holabird, Paul went overseas to the occupation of Japan. He spent his time in Mie-ken, Japan, gathering information. Paul made relationships with Japanese Government Officials, Informants, and Japanese nationals.

Before returning home to the United States, Paul recalls the CIC was interrogated by an investigative team. There was a complaint about the Black Market. Paul discusses the Blacket Market and its connection with getting intel.
]]>
Ichiuji, Paul: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> World War II--U.S. Army Internment Camps--Honouliuli]]> Arakaki, Robert: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-10-31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Community activities]]> Identity and values]]> Matsui, Takashi: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 September 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Italy]]> Kinoshita, Yoshio: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-07-13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> Military service]]> World War II--Mass Removal ("Evacuation")]]> World War II--U.S. Army Internment Camps-- Camp Blanding]]> Matsumoto, Yoshio: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 June 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Arden Hills, Minnesota ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Shintani, Munro: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 May 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Ichikawa, Yoichi: narrator]]> Galinato, Rae Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-03-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Military service]]> World War II--France]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Hayashi, Oliver: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center ]]> 2005 October 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]>
Susumu's message to future generations is to join the Army. He says the Army is beneficial because you meet diverse people and learn about other cultures. At the end of the interview, he shares photographs from World War Two and post-war in Okinawa and the family. ]]>
Sarae, Susumu: narrator]]> Tsukano, Lloyd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Awards, medals]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Identity and values]]> Matsukawa, Shigeru: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Child rearing]]> Oye, Tetsuya Ted: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 May 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Nakamura, Richard: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Saiki, Charles: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Ito, William: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-08-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii ]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Teramura, Yasu: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Nishioka, Tommy: narrator]]> Enomoto, Satomi: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> Industry and employment]]> Saito, Shinobu: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 November 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Ken returns to Chicago in 1948, after his two-year contract. Ken has aspirations of going to college to repair watches. He attends school on his GI Bill. Also, Ken and his father decide to purchase a building in a diverse neighborhood. In Chicago, Ken is surprised there is interracial discrimination. He shares a story about his greek neighbor.

Ken continues his education with his GI Bill and takes classes in accounting and business law. While going to school for a year, Ken gets a part-time job at Brunswick Bowling Company as interoffice mail distribution. Later he is promoted to an accountant position.

On January 10, 1953, Ken gets married to Betty Toda. Ken decides on his plans to open a watch store after saving some money. He is in the watchmaker business for 12 years. ]]>
Tamura, Ken: narrator]]> Lim, Reuben: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Teraoka, Moriso: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii ]]> Education]]> Child rearing]]> Industry and employment]]> Hashimoto, Makoto: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-04-29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment]]> Izumigawa, Stanley: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 04]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Wada, Frank: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Sasano, Lawrence: narrator]]> Galinato, Rae Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Yamanaka, Ben: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 July 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Morisawa, Jackson: narrator]]> Goto, Ginny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 April 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Varsity Victory Volunteers]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Morisawa, Jackson: narrator]]> Goto, Ginny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 April 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> Identity and values]]> Murakami, Fred: narrator]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Arlington, Virginia ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Multiracial]]> Social activities--Motion pictures]]> Toke, Yonekawa: narrator]]> Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005-06-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bloomington, Minnesota]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Asahina, Toshi Kodata: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Education]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yano, Robert: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> Identity and values]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Ikeguchi, Joseph: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 October 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Ikeguchi, Joseph: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 October 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Religion and churches]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Mori, Frank Sadao: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 August 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Takemoto, Tsuneo: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998 November 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Sakai, Lawson: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 August 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Konno, Jimmy: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 May 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> New York City, New York ]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Konno, Jimmy: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 May 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> New York City, New York ]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Identity and values--Hanashi]]> Race--Stereotypes]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Surh, Kim Ida: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-10-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Child rearing]]> Race--Racism]]> Education--Primary education]]> Akagi, Nelson: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darryl: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-08-16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]>

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