Kenichi has the utmost respect and appreciation for his father. He says his father is hardworking to provide for the family. Kenichi comes from a family of nine siblings. Kenichi discusses his childhood and his school years in Gardena.

Life changes for Kenichi and his family Kenichi after the Pearl Harbor attack. He recalls the aftermath and the announcement of Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). The Muranaga family evacuates to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then Amache, CO.

Kenichi leaves camp to work at a few jobs before getting drafted into the Army. When Kenichi is in basic training, he receives news of his oldest brother, Kiyoshi's death overseas. ]]>
Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Ko discusses the media reports following days after the Pearl Harbor attack. He says the media exaggerated the news to instill fear. However, Ko and his family continue with daily life as normal. The customers at Ko's parents' produce market show sympathy and concern towards the Sameshima family. Ko says there are no signs of discrimination.

When Executive Order 9066 (EO9066) is announced, Ko's parents and himself have separate struggles they face. Ko's parents go to Amache, Colorado, and Ko tries to transfer to a University on the East Coast. On the East Coast, Ko witnesses segregation and shares his sentiments.

Ko graduates from the University of Texas and is reclassified from 4C to 1A. Before being drafted for service, Ko volunteers to be an internee at Amache, to care for his parents. Ko recalls his experience at Camp Snelling and Military Intelligence Language School.

In 1945, the war ends, and Ko is commissioned to go to Manila, Philippines, for war crime trials and then to Tokyo, Japan, for occupation. Ko's parents leave Amache and move to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ]]>
Sameshima, Ko Stanley: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Later, Ko's father goes to Japan to get married and returns to the United States. Ko recalls his childhood in Los Angeles, CA. Ko's home life is minimalistic and his parent works hard to provide for their three children (Ko, Chiko, and Akira). Ko describes his father as the disciplinarian and his mother as nurturing. They are very proud of their children.

The success of Sameshima's produce market allows the family to travel to Japan during the Great Depression. For six months the Sameshima family live in Japan. Ko shares his experience of attending a Japanese School.

After returning from Japan, Ko's parents restart their produce market. Ko describes the Crenshaw district during that period. ]]>
Sameshima, Ko Stanley: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Fujikawa, Misuo John: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
In 1938, Nob graduates high school. When his younger brother Ace graduates high school a few years later, Ace gives Nob a chance for higher education. However, the war starts.

On December 7, Nob hears the news about Pearl Harbor. Nob says the community of Bell treated his family well. They did not experience any discrimination. In May 1942, Nob and his family go to Manzanar.

At Manzanar, Nob works and plays baseball to pass the time. Later he leaves Manzanar briefly to work on a sugar beet farm in Montana. When he returns to Manzanar, he takes a Military Intelligence Service (MIS) exam and passes.

Nob and ten others from Manzanar go to Camp Savage for six months of training. Nob training focuses on conversational Japanese, Japanese military terms, and kanji. After training, Nob goes overseas to New Guinea.

Nob discusses discrimination in the military and the lack of promotions with Japanese Americans. He recalls Ensign Sherman, an advocate for the MIS. Moreover, Nob describes his experiences with Prisoners of War (POWs) in New Guinea and Luzon, and the Philippines.





]]>
Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Tanaka, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Industry and employment]]> Religion and churches]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Wada, Frank: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Sasano, Lawrence: narrator]]> Galinato, Rae Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> Identity and values--Kibei]]> Identity and values--Nisei]]> Education]]> Sasano, Lawrence: narrator]]> Galinato, Rae Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Identity and values--Kibei]]> Activism and involvement]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Japanese American Citizens League]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Oda, James: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999-11-13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California]]>