In 1939, their parents returned to Japan and moved back to Chicago, IL, after the war for a few years. Michael and Jimmy's parents decided to settle back in Japan because all their friends were there. Michael and Jimmy describe their parents as gentle and caring.

Although their parents were Buddhist, the children were raised as Christian. A traditional holiday celebrated in the house was New Year. The children were taught well and grew up to be good citizens.

Michael and Jimmy discuss their school years and participating in sports. At home Michael and Jimmy help with house chores or farm work. Their oldest brother had two produce stores, and Michael helped. Michael and Jimmy recall December 7 and the aftermath that followed.

Jimmy recollects his Sunday School Teacher saying he was American. The following day, Jimmy's friends treated him differently at lunchtime, and he ate lunch alone. Although some people treated the Japanese Americans as an outcast, the Oxnard community treated the Japanese Americans well.

Almost a month after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Michael was drafted. He went to San Pedro, Camp MacArthur, before going to Rockford, IL. The Japanese American soldiers were assigned to the Medical Training Center, where Michael trained to be a medic and worked in a hospital as an attendant.

Later, Michael went to Camp Blanding, Florida, to be a replacement for the 442nd. Michael transitioned from being a medic to an infantryman. After completing training, he went overseas to be a replacement for the 100th and 442nd.
]]>
Doi, Jimmy: narrator]]> Doi, Michael John: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-03-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>

In Japan, Hershey's father was drafted into the Japanese Military. Three years later, Hershey's parents returned to the United States. Hershey's parents settled in Gallup in 1906.

Hershey lost his mother when he was eleven years old, and his father had to raise seven children alone. His father was very strict and ran a restaurant called Ok Cafe.

Hershey's father instilled in him to be a good person and citizen. When the children were not in school, they helped at the restaurant. Hershey, favorite memory was a family gathering and eating Japanese food. Hershey loved sushi the most.

Hershey’s favorite childhood activities were hanging out with his friends, boxing, fishing, hunting, and bowling. At 14 years old, Hershey’s father bought him a car.

Growing up in Gallup, the community was diverse. He was aware of his Japanese ancestry and did not feel different from his peers. In the Army, Hershey made many good friends too.]]>
Miyamura, Hiroshi "Hershey"; narrator]]> Yamazaki, Christine; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-07-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
He said their confidence in each other helped them do their jobs well and they trusted each other.

After the war ended, Enoch was assigned to guard the Prisoners of War (POWs) and various Rest Camps. When Enoch had enough points, he returned to the United States. The 500 men landed in New York, and there was a large homecoming committee with dancing and a parade. Enoch recalls the homecoming parade in Washington DC and receiving the Presidental Unit Citation and the Bronze Star.

Post-war, he attended school at North Western and a Television Institute. Also, Enoch got married to Caroline and has four daughters and two grandchildren. He feels proud to serve with the 442nd. The Issei and Nisei gave their best efforts in World War Two and persevered. They leave a legacy that will be remembered.]]>
Kanaya, Enoch; narrator]]> Yamagami, Don; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-06-25]]> Oral Histories]]>

At school, there were not many Japanese American students. The first part of Enoch’s school years was at a country school. After moving to the city, he attended a city school district. Enoch also attends Japanese Language School briefly. On the weekends, Enoch helped his father at the family store.

Besides school and helping his father, Enoch had a carefree childhood enjoying cowboy movies and watching sports games. He describes having fun exploring different Naval ships during Navy Week in Portland. Moreover, Enoch was social in the Japanese Community through the Medothist Church.

On December 7, Enoch’s life changed like many other Japanese Americans. Soon after the Declaration of War, restrictions were issued for a curfew and turned in weapons and radios. Enoch was unsure of the future. In April 1942, Enoch and his family arrived at the Assembly Center. Enoch recalls hearing news about the draft and receiving his 4C card from the Draft Board in Minidoka. ]]>
Kanaya, Enoch; narrator]]> Yamagami, Don; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-06-25]]> Oral Histories]]>
Education--Secondary education]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Identity and values]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Oiye, George: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-03-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> Togashi, John: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998-08-29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]>
Tom has two younger sisters, and they grew up in Los Angeles, CA, near Chinatown. Later the family moved to Boyle Heights, CA. Tom attended elementary school for eight years and participated in an athletic club. Later, he goes to Lincoln High School for four years.
]]>
Umeda, Tom Shigetoki: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Social activities--Travel]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Nishijima, Ronald: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 August 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Goodall, Oliver: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, Califorina ]]>
Seiichi and his family go to Pomona Fair Grounds then to Heart Mountain. Chiye and her in-laws arrive at Heart Mountain a month later. During this time, Henry and Joe are at Fort Sheridan. Henry is assigned to the mortar pool company. Henry's family is at Santa Anita and then goes to Amache, Co.

Chiye and Seiichi recount camp life at Heart Mountain and the living conditions. Henry describes the effects of Pearl Harbor on the Japanese Americans in service.
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Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

After Coolidge's father passed away, the family moved to Honolulu. His mother worked hard to support the family. At age fifteen, Coolidge went to the mainland for higher education. He settled in California and found a job as a houseboy. Coolidge attended Berkeley High School.

On December 7, Coolidge attended church and learned the news when he went home. Coolidge did not feel any discrimination when he moved to the mainland. His employer and classmates at high school treated him fairly. The following day after Pearl Harbor, Coolidge went to school. He continued to focus on his educational goals.

When Executive Order 9066 was signed, Coolidge and his brother reported to Tanforan. After three to fourth months in Tanforan, Coolidge was sponsored to leave the camp to go to New York. In 1944 Coolidge graduated high school in New York and applied for college. He attended Grinnell College in Iowa with financial assistance from scholarships and a family from Kauai. After his first year of college, Coolidge was drafted into the military.

Coolidge was inducted at Fort Sheridan and shipped to Camp Blanding, Florida. During basic training, Coolidge made many friends and had a good relationship with everyone.

Overseas, he was assigned to Company B, 3rd Platoon. Coolidge's first battle was in the mountains near Carrara, Italy. After Coolidge's first battle in Italy, he kept moving up the mountains above Leghorn. Coolidge recalls not showering for one month.

Coolidge recalls climbing Po Valley with his gear. Besides climbing the rigorous terrain, food was scarce. Later, the 100th and 442nd were called to France for the Gothic Line because the military needed the left flank to be covered. Coolidge was attached to the 92nd Division.

When the war ended, Coolidge was in the mountains. There were no roads in the mountains. Therefore, airplanes dropped down the rations for them. Being overseas, Coolidge missed hot cook meals. He was living off of C rations and K rations.
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Wakai, Coolidge: narrator]]> Yee, T.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> Hamanaka, Joseph Ushio: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington ]]>
On the day of the evacuation, the Japanese American families living in Irvington met at the school ground and went to Tanforan on the Greyhound bus. Minoru describes the living conditions in the horse stables and assembling their straw mattress.

Minoru and his family left Tanforan after a few months, and they were sent to Topaz, Utah, by train. Arriving at Topaz, there were barbed wires and guard towers at Topaz. Minoru describes the living conditions and life in the camp. Besides attending classes, Minoru worked clearing the sagebrush.

In Topaz, a loyalty questionnaire was given to all the internees. Minoru's father did not answer questions 27 and 28 and was sent to Tule Lake. Minoru went to Tule Lake to visit his father, but he left for farming in Idaho with George and Harry. After Minoru was reclassified 1A, he was drafted into the Military. Minoru remembered leaving Topaz at night to Fort Douglas due to the Kibeis.

At Fort Douglas, Minoru took his physical exam and requested to join the Air Force. Minoru was declined for the Air Force but was accepted for the Military. Later Minoru went to Camp Shelby and was shocked by how different it is from California. After weeks of training, Minoru picked up the Hawaiian language.

Post-war, Minoru revisited Topaz, Utah, and saw a plaque with the names who served in the Military. However, many names were missing including Minoru and his brothers. There was a petition to add the missing names.





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Miyasaki, Minoru: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Later, Ko's father goes to Japan to get married and returns to the United States. Ko recalls his childhood in Los Angeles, CA. Ko's home life is minimalistic and his parent works hard to provide for their three children (Ko, Chiko, and Akira). Ko describes his father as the disciplinarian and his mother as nurturing. They are very proud of their children.

The success of Sameshima's produce market allows the family to travel to Japan during the Great Depression. For six months the Sameshima family live in Japan. Ko shares his experience of attending a Japanese School.

After returning from Japan, Ko's parents restart their produce market. Ko describes the Crenshaw district during that period. ]]>
Sameshima, Ko Stanley: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Leo grows up on the farm with four siblings. In Idaho Falls, there is a Japanese School that Leo attends after primary school and on Saturdays. Besides school, Leo participates in sports. On Sundays, Leo would attend Mormon Church but later attends a Methodist Church.

At home, Leo speaks primarily Japanese. He enjoys listening to the radio, hunting, and fishing. On New Year, Leo's mother prepares a special meal and invites friends to their house.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, Leo recalls curfews and restrictions that are enforced. ]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Raymond C. Wells is born May 5, 1922, in Eagle Colorado. Julian Minor Quayles, Jr is born January 15, 1917, in Staunton, Virginia. Both men serve in the 141st Infantry Battalion during World War Two.

Ray's and Julian's parents are hardworking to provide for the family. Ray's father works on the railroad. As a result, the Wells family moves around New Mexico. Julian's father retires when Julian is born and has many opportunities for bonding time.

Both men discuss their childhood and school years. In their informal years, they begin their military experiences. Ray joins the National Guards at the age of sixteen. Julian attends Augusta Military Academy at Fort Defiance.

Ray describes his National Guard training and active duty in 1940. He recalls December 7, and Rapido River. ]]>
Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Raymond C. Wells is born May 5, 1922, in Eagle Colorado. Julian Minor Quayles, Jr is born January 15, 1917, in Staunton, Virginia. Both men serve in the 141st Infantry Battalion during World War Two.

Ray's and Julian's parents are hardworking to provide for the family. Ray's father works on the railroad. As a result, the Wells family moves around New Mexico. Julian's father retires when Julian is born and has many opportunities for bonding time.

Both men discuss their childhood and school years. In their informal years, they begin their military experiences. Ray joins the National Guards at the age of sixteen. Julian attends Augusta Military Academy at Fort Defiance.

Ray describes his National Guard training and active duty in 1940. He recalls December 7, and Rapido River. ]]>
Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Veteran history]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values]]> Uchida, Gary: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 April 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
After graduating high school, Paul applies to several banks. Paul says where he goes, he wants to help people. He learns from his parents to be kind and help others. Therefore, Paul talks to California Bank to open a branch in Little Tokyo, downtown Los Angeles. There are many Japanese American-run businesses in Little Tokyo. Moreover, Paul helps coordinate a banking system in Manzanar.

In addition, Paul works with the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) and writes many letters. Paul feels it is wrong for the United States Military to deny American citizens the right to serve in the United States Army. As a result, the government relinquishes its position and allows Japanese Americans to volunteer in the military. The government realizes the need Japanese speaking people in the military during the Alaskan Campaign. Over 5,000 Japanese Americans served during the Pacific.

When Paul goes into service, his parents put a star in the window. His parents are proud that Paul is serving in the military. Paul is the last one to evacuate to Manzanar and considers defying evacuation orders. Paul discusses three courts involving Japanese Americans and evacuation.

At Camp Shelby, Paul recalls the relationship between the mainland soldiers and the Hawaiian soldiers. Later, Paul goes to Camp Savage for the Military Intelligence Service Language School. Paul is not as fluent in the Japanese language. He studies harder to catch up with his classmates.

After completing training, Paul goes to Michigan to teach the Military Police (MP) elementary Japanese. When he arrives in Michigan, the MPs are needed overseas for the Japanese Prisoners of War (POWs). Paul goes to New Guinea with the MPs.
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Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After Frank's service in the Army 442nd Regimental Combat Team, K Company, He moves to Chicago to be near his sister and school. Frank gets married to Yuri L. Satow Matsuda. They have three children and three grandchildren. Eventually Frank moves back to Seattle because his father is ill.

Frank feels the situation is improving for the next generations after the war. Frank is proud of his kids and grandchildren. He wishes they do their best, be happy and healthy. ]]>
Matsuda, Frank Tadao: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Frank grows up during the Great Depression. Although money is hard to earn during the Great Depression, Frank's father buys a house for around $2,000. Asians could not own homes or property because of the Alien Land Law. After camp, Frank's sister's name is on the deed because she is an American citizen.

The Matsuda family lives in the community of Ballard in Seattle. The demographic is predominately Scandinavian. Frank remembers there are four Japanese American families plus them. Frank has many friends on 69th Street.

Frank recalls December 7 and the evacuation orders, Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). He says the Japanese Americans becomes the most hated people after Pearl Harbor. The Matsuda family goes to Puyallup and Minidoka. He describes the living conditions and provisions in camp.

Frank did not stay at Minidoka for long. He takes the opportunity to work on a sugar beet farm in Idaho. Later he goes to Salt Lake City to work at a meatpacking company and restaurant. ]]>
Matsuda, Frank Tadao: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Tadayoshi recalls what San Francisco is like in the 1900s with coal stoves, gaslight street lights, and empty lots to play in. He grows up during the Great Depression era and is grateful for always having food to eat.

Growing up in a bilingual and bicultural family is difficult at times. Tadayoshi speaks Japanese and learns Japanese traditions at home. When interfacing with the public, Tadayoshi speaks English. He has several good friends and describes their childhood activities. Tadayoshi also remembers seeing the development of the Golden Gate Bridge.

After graduating from High School, he attends Berkeley University of California. Tadayoshi recalls December 7 and the events following after. ]]>
Sugiyama, Tadayoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Leaving Camp]]> Education]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Sato, William: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Sato, William: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Sato, Robert Satoshi: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Hagiwara, Patrick: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Ishida, Masaru: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Kaihara, Thomas: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]>
Skeets returned to Moffett Airfield and was assigned to guard a transformer. Skeets discusses his various duties ranging from jeep patrolling the fence line, guarding the hanger, and drafting. Before Christmas, he was with the 554th Squadron and transferred to Williams Field, Arizona. After three months, Skeets was promoted to Corporal.

Shortly after the Pearl Harbor attack, was on inactive reserve. Skeets went home to Santa Marie to his parents. Mr. and Mrs. Aratani helped Skeets' parents and provided them with land to farm. Later Skeets' family voluntarily moved to the Salt Lake City area, but Executive Order 9066 went into effect. Skeet and his family took what they could carry and went to the Assembly Center.

To stay busy, Skeets found a job in the Administration Offices with an Engineer overseeing the maintenance of the camp. When Gila was ready for occupancy, the internees left Tulare. Skeets stayed behind to tidy up Tulare and joined his family at Gila a few days later. At Gila, Skeets assisted on the surveying team.

Before Gila, Skeets applied to continue his education and received orders to be released from camp. The University of Nebraska accepted Niseis from various camps, and Skeets went there to continue his education in engineering. Skeets recalls Dr. Drew from a Methodist Church being helpful to the Nisei Students. Besides school, Skeets worked to support himself. He discusses stereotypes and the misconceptions society had about the Japanese Americans.
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Oji, Sukeo: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

The late 1920s was the Great Depression, and everyone struggled to survive. Farmers were making about ten cents an hour. In the 1930s, the family moved to Perkins (east of Sacramento). Their family friend suggested to Skeets' father to venture into hops. However, that venture failed.

During Skeets' elementary school years, he attended Japanese Language School. When the family moved to Perkins, he attended Sacramento High School. He was active in sports and participated in a Nisei football league. In 1936, Skeets graduated high school and applied to Sacramento Junior College after a year of farming.

Living in Perkins, their farm was near a naval air forces base. Skeets recalls seeing the airplanes fly by and aspired to be an aviator and an officer of the United States Army. In early 1940, the United States was preparing for war. A civilian pilot program was offered at school, and Skeets was accepted into the program. After completing the first and second phases, he was waiting for the third phase, instrument flying and long distant country flying. However, Skeets did not complete his training because Skeets got drafted into the Army. On November 6, 1941, Skeets reported to Presidio Monterey for induction.
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Oji, Sukeo: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Frank discusses his school years. In Vacaville, he attended primary school and Japanese Language School. Later, when the family moved to Cordelia, he went to a small grammar school and attended Sunday school at a Lutheran Church. After five years, Frank's family moved to San Jose. When Frank went overseas during wartime, he missed the valleys of San Jose the most. The valley was the most beautiful when the flowers were blooming.

In high school, Frank enrolled at a Prep Ministry school in Oakland. He graduated high school in 1936. Being the oldest son, Frank had responsibilities to the family. Therefore, he worked on the strawberry farm to help his parents. Later, Frank's family moved to Santa Clara and rented an area for farming.

In 1941, Frank moved to Los Angeles to help his half-brother in the trucking business. He recalls hearing the news about Pearl Harbor and shares his reaction to the event.

After President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, there were restrictions for the Japanese Americans. Frank's first reaction to Executive Order 9066 was the government could not do this to American citizens. He could only comply with the government orders because his parents taught him to respect authority.

Frank evacuated to Santa Anita Assembly Center with the Japanese Americans from Mountain View Palo Alto and later to Heart Mountain. Frank only took what he could carry to camp. ]]>
Shimada, Sumio Frank: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Education]]> Miyamoto, Hajime: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 March 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Social activities]]> Hagino, Kenneth: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Sato, Ted: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 November 27 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Sato, Ted: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 November 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Education]]>
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Tomita, Frank: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign]]> Nakabayashi, Tetsuo: narrator]]> Deramos, Francis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Social activities]]> Taketomo, Shuji: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 April 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Kobayashi, George: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 March 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Tule Lake]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Pinedale]]> Katagiri, David: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Toyota: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 November 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Diego, California]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Arakaki, Taro: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: inteviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service]]> Sasai, Samuel: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maeda, Thomas: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Hospitals]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--European Theater--"The Gothic Line"]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Hayakawa, Kayo: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Hayakawa, Kayo: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Mizuki, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yukihiro, Tsutomu: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
When Executive Order 9066 (EO9066) was announced, Sam's family prepared for evacuation and packed two duffel bags. Sam packs some clothes and toys. Sam's parents tried to sell their belongings but left a lot of possessions behind.

Sam and his family went to Puyallup Assembly Center and lived in a horse stall for three months before going to Minidoka. During the three months, Sam and his peers played games and baseball. Moreover, various jobs around the Assembly Center became available.

Sam was sent to Minidoka, ID, as part of the advance crew to help with the setup of Minidoka. Before arriving at Minidoka, there was a guard tower and barracks built. Sam and the advance crew placed the barbed wire around the camp. The barracks had no insulation, and the room got cold in the winter. In addition, the barracks have limited privacy.

Minidoka was set up by block, and each block had a mess hall, laundry room, and communal shower rooms for the internees. The lifestyle at camp changed the family dynamic. Sam discusses the shift in authority his father had over the family.

Many Issei tried to have churches come to camp to unify the family. After a year, churches were able to come. Sam recalls Reverend Anderson and his devotion to the Japanese Americans at Minidoka. Reverend Anderson and his family move to Twin Falls to be near Minidoka.



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Saito, Isamu: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Schooling was challenging for Sam because he had to rely on himself since he is the oldest child of Issei. He mentions the language and culture barriers with the Caucasian teachers as well.

Besides primary school, Sam attended Japanese language school. Therefore he did not participate in after-school activities. In the summertime, Sam is busy with summer school and working part-time. He works delivering the Japanese newspapers or working on a farm to earn money for new clothes.

In high school, Sam is aware of world news. He recalls December 7 and the aftermath of Pearl Harbor. At school, Sam's friends blame the Japanese Americans. However, Sam does not feel the Japanese Americans are responsible. At home, Sam recalls the visit from the FBI.]]>
Saito, Isamu: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> immigrate to the United States (US) with the early wave of Issei. When Yonemura's parents arrive to the US, they are already married and have one child (born 1909 in Japan). They settle in Hawaii working on a plantation and eventually move to Riverside, California. In Riverside, the Mother runs a noodle restaurant and the Father is a gardener. Yonemura's parents have eight children and Yonemura is the sixth child.

Yonemura grows up in a conservative town. The demographics consist of Hispanics, African Americans and four to five Japanese Families. Due to the demographic of the community, Japanese school is not offered regularly and there is no organized program available. However, primary school is year round. When Yonemura starts Junior High School he meets Caucasian students for the first time.

At home, Yonemura speaks Japanese with his parents although his Mother attends night school to learn English. Yonemura's Mother is also fluent in Spanish due to neighborhood. At an early age, Yonemura sees discrimination at the community pool and joining the YMCA. He also recalls a traveling movie company which he enjoys as a child.

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Yonemura, Masatatsu: narrator]]> Nakayama, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 04]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Decision to incarcerate]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values]]>
Hirose recalls his Father wanting to make a future in the United States and his Mother wanting to visit Japan. When Japan invades China, Hirose participates in making care packages for the Japanese soldiers. He says he did this because of his Japanese heritage.

He remembers days after the Pearl Harbor attack. On December 24 Japan torpedoes a lumber ship. Hirose says the majority of the Japanese Americans at Manzanar Concentration Camp are from Terminal Island. Looking back, Hirose remembers facing discrimination during his school years.


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Hirose, Mutsuo: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 May 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
World War II--Veteran history]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kashiki, John: narrator]]> Tamaru, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Industry and employment]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Mukai, Hajime: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Akama, Paul: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Yamate, Theodore: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> ]]> Nakashima, Takeo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Yano, Terou: narrator]]> Tamaru, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> World War II--Military service]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Atagi, Dange: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 11 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Identity and values--Youth]]> Education]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Military service]]> Ito, William: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-08-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kimura, Stanley: narrator]]> Yamamoto, Dennis: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 June 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]>
Yenari earns money by selling candy and earns the name "sour ball boy". Before coming back to the United States , Yenari goes on furlough for three weeks to see the different prefectures of Japan. When Yenari returns home, he goes to school and opens an Optometrist practice.
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Yenari, Theodore: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 November 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>

During Barney's school years, he attended first through eighth grade. He did not have transportation to go to high school. Therefore, after the eighth grade, Barney worked on the plantation weeding the grass and irrigating the sugar crops.

Barney worked hard and never complained while working on the plantation. Later, he moved to Honolulu looking for a stevedore position but worked as a dishwasher instead. There were no opportunities for Asians to work as a stevedore.

In February 1942, Barney joined the Army and did not receive weapons training. Therefore he did not go overseas with the 100th. Barney stayed behind at Schofield and was part of the 1399 Engineer Construction Battalion. He left the 1399 to volunteer for the 442nd. Barney went to Camp Shelby, Mississippi for basic training. At Shelby, he was assigned to Company M, heavy weapons, as a runner and later transferred to Company I.

Barney fought in the Bruyeres and Biffontaine battles and later participated in the Lost Battalion rescue. He also fought in the Vosges Mountains against the German soldiers. He recalls his friends Fred Kameda and Shiro Kashino who were killed in action and that they were good soldiers.

Post-war, Barney returned to the plantation and worked as a supervisor. However, in 1946, there was a strike, and no one showed up for work. Later Barney goes back to Honolulu but could not find a job. The only positions available were stevedore or janitorial. Barney found work as a dishwasher because it was easier than plantation work.

Barney received the Medal of Honor for his service during World War Two but said the medal was not for himself but everyone in I Company.



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Hajiro, Barney: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Veteran history]]> Muramaru, George: narrator]]> Kondo, Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> He is born in Okmulgee, OK on March 27, 1923. His parents are from Japan, and he has three sisters and a brother. Ken grows up in an isolated area on a farm.

At home, Ken speaks mainly Japanese. However, when he starts school, Ken learns English and finds it difficult at times to communicate at home. Ken is close to his siblings and has a good relationship with his father.

Ken remembers spending time helping his father on the farm and watching movies on Saturdays with him. Their favorite movie genre is cowboys.

Besides enjoying movies with his father, Ken's child activities are marbles, toppers, rope climbing, swimming in the river, and hunting.]]>
Tamura, Ken: narrator]]> Lim, Reuben: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Takano, Thomas: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Tsukazaki, Norman: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> immigrated in 1910 from Japan for the opportunity to be a contract labor. In Japan, their families are farmers. Yamada admires his Father because he bought rental property, invested in stocks, worked at store and post office. Yamada's Father is a hard worker and in his spare time he likes to entertain and travel. Yamada's Mother is hardworking on plantation and industrious. Among the children, Yamada oldest, followed by his sister and brother.

The Yamada family lives on plantation in a two bedroom house. He recalls school and taking a train to high school. After high school, he goes to school in Kyoto for two and 1/2 years. Learning the Japanese language helps him with second job as tour guide. Yamada grows up in Japanese Hawaiian community. 1920's merchants in Hawaii about 80% Japanese owned. Yamada discusses the important friendships in his life. ]]>
Yamada, Tom: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]>
Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Social activities]]> Ishihara, George: narrator]]> Tagami, Steve: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Ken's father immigrated to the United States from Fukushima-ken, Japan, to help his family financially. In Sacramento, he worked in the rice field and a cannery. After saving enough money, he opened a delicatessen store in Downtown Sacramento. Ken's mother was a housewife who cared for seven children (five boys and two girls).

Ken grew up in a farming background in Sacramento. He enjoyed being outdoors, playing with his friends, and watching movies. The family moved around several times before setting in the Bay area.

Before the Pearl Harbor attack, Ken had aspirations to graduate High School and attend college. On December 7, Ken was at home listening to the radio when he heard the news about Pearl Harbor.

When Executive Order 9066 was signed by the President, Ken's family evacuated from their residence. Ken and his family went to Tanforan Assembly Center. He described the living conditions and life at Tanforan before going to Topaz, Utah.




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Nihei, Ken: narrator]]> Hanamura, Wendy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki]]> Hanamura, Haruo: narrator]]> Hanamura, Wendy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Shimomura, Seiichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> The Pacific Bridge Companies: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Manhattan, New York ]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Shimomura, Seiichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> The Pacific Bridge Companies: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Manhattan, New York ]]> Education]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]>
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Shimomura, Seiichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> The Pacific Bridge Companies: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 August 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Manhattan, New York ]]>
World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Identity and values]]> Shiosaki, Fred: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 July 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Spokane, Washington ]]> Education]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Social activities]]> Kanda, Mamoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Identity and values]]> Kanda, Mamoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California ]]> Education--Japan]]> Identity and values--Kibei]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Oda, James: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999-11-13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Umeda, Ben: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Marina, California ]]> Child rearing]]> Identity and values]]> Education]]> Sumida, Marshall: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Sakaji, Haruo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Merced]]> Nakabe, Harry: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Festivals, celebrations, and holidays]]> Social activities]]> Nakabe, Harry: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Child rearing]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Kanada, Harry: narrator]]> Ikeda, Haru: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kagawa, Wallace: narrator]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--France]]> Kagawa, Wallace: narrator]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 09 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Festivals, celebrations, and holidays]]> Social activities]]> Asahina, Toshi Kodata: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Jerome]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Military service]]> Inami, Joe: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> Child rearing]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Terasaki, Sam: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 7]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Social activities]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Ikuta, Nobo: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 November 23 ]]> eng ]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Muto, Kazuo: narrator]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 January 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Sacramento, California]]> Social activities]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Yamate, Kiyoto: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 January 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Peterson, Ragnar Henning: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 July 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Connecticut ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Education]]> Teraoka, Denis: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Toyota: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Education]]> Morishima, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Santa Maria, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment]]> Sakaji, Tomoichi: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Santa Maria, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Ohama, Ben: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 July 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seabrook, New Jersey ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Yoshii, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 June 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> Nakayama, Tomio: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 June 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> Immigration and citizenship]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Education]]> Takemoto, Thomas: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009-04-19]]> eng]]> cpe]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Industry and employment--Small business]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Community activities]]> Child rearing--moral education]]> Okamoto, Allen: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-05-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]>

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