Before going to Italy, the 442nd went to France. However, General Mark Clark requested the 442nd's return to Italy to break the Gothic Line. The 442nd took the German SS Troop by surprise when they attacked from the rear.

When the 442nd left Italy, the 552nd Artillery stayed behind. Later the 552nd went to Germany and were the first in Dachau.

The worst part of the war for Tetsuo was the casualties. He recalls several times he came across deceased soldiers. Another bad memory of the war was being under heavy fire.

When the war ended, Tetsuo got a pass and went to Switzerland and different rest areas. The highlight was Angelburg because he learned how to ski. Many years later, Tetsuo revisited Switzerland in the springtime.
]]>
Asato, Tetsuo; narrator]]> Horsting, Robert; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-11-29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]>

There are four members in Gary's family since his mother remarries. Gary describes the barrack structure and living conditions. Gary says it is easy to make friends at camp but going to different mess halls to eat. The structure of the mess halls at the assembly center changes the family dynamic doing meal times. Before camp, Japanese American families would eat together. Now the children look for their peers to eat with them. In addition, the parents are finding jobs in camp to earn extra money.

After a few months at Stockton Assembly Center, Gary and his family go to Rohwer, AK. The trip takes four days, and there are no showers amenities. In Rohwer, there are approximately 9,500 Japanese Americans. Gary says they arrive at Rohwer in October and the Issei parents organize a schooling system for the children.

Gary is a junior in high school, and there are approximately 170 students. He meets different peers from Washington and various parts of California. Before the war, Gary recalls his mother telling him that he is born and raised in the United States. America is his homeland. His mother also instills in him the attitude of shikata ga nai and do not make waves.]]>
Shiota, Henry Gary: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

While stationed in Germany, Willie meets his future wife Ingeborg. He describes what he does for socializing. Two examples Willie mentions are eating at Wienerschnitzel and going to the opera house.

Besides being stationed in Germany, Willie is also stationed in the United States and Vietnam. This included Fort Lee Virginia, American Embassy in Germany (until 1959), Fort Huachuca Arizona (about a year), American Embassy in Vietnam (Saigon and Cam Ranh Bay), Eglin Army Base in Florida (training camp for Rangers for jungle and swap training stay a few months), Strike Command Headquarters MacDil Air force Base 1962 and Fulda Germany Army Base. Willie says there are not many military setups. He works with the Military Assistance Advisory to help set up the German military-diplomatic Corps.

In November 1971, Willie retires from his service and works at various companies such as Toyota, Defense Contract Administration Service, and University of Houston Procurement Technical Assistant Services.

Willie and Ingeborg have four children together - Linda, Judy, Tim, and Tom. Their grandchildren are a dog and a cat. Willie's purpose of doing oral history is to share what lessons his Issei parents taught him and what childhood experiences shaped his thinking.

From racism in the military, life lessons, and his military service, Willie wants his children to do their best and tell the truth. He gives an example of reparations and how not every Japanese American did not receive reparations.

At the end of the interview, Ingeborg speaks and says their marriage is like Rocky Road ice cream and she hopes their children will appreciate their dad after watching the oral history. ]]>
Tanamachi, Willie: narrator
Horsting, Robert: interviewer
Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]>
Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-05-19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]>
Japan]]> Religion and churches--Buddhism]]> Military service]]> Yamamoto, Steve: narrator ]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 November 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Ikeda, Takeo: narrator ]]> Duensing, Dawn: interviewer ]]> Nisei Veteran Memorial Center: publisher ]]> Nisei Veterans Memorial Center]]> 2000 January 5]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]>
Tom recalls talking to the man who created the aircraft department at Mitsubishi and how he collected data from American aircraft to construct the zero fighters.

Tom worked in the Navy section on zero fighters. His assignment was the 6th and 7th versions of the landing gear. Tom describes creating and getting approval of the landing gear design.

He designed the landing gear with the philosophy of not using a dead weight. His goal was to make the landing gear as durable and light as possible. After several trials, Tom succeeded with his calculations.
However, the war ended, and Tom's design did not make it in time. ]]>
Umeda, Tom Shigetoki: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In 1938, Harold graduates high school and goes to the University of Washington for two years. Harold recalls the attack on Pearl Harbor. His brother, Masanori, is still in Japan studying abroad. However, Masanori makes it back to the United States on the last ship to Seattle. Harold discusses the effects of Pearl Harbor and the family's grocery store.

When evacuation orders are announced, Harold and his family go to Puyallup and then to Minidoka. He describes the living conditions at the camp. The Army is asking for volunteers for the 442nd. However, Harold is not accepted. Then after three months at Minidoka, Harold goes to harvest crops in Twin Falls. In Twin Falls, Harold and Edith get married.

In Denver, Harold receives his draft notice from the Army. June of 1944, Harold is inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah, and goes to Camp Shelby for basic training.]]>
Horiuchi, Harold: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Industry and employment]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii ]]> World War II--European Theater--"The Gothic Line"]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Shiosaki, Jun: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Idaho]]>
Ray attended Coronado High School and got good grades. He credits his education in Japan for doing well in high school. In addition to Ray's academic studies, he was elected student body treasurer and ran track. Ray was popular with his peers and had many friends.

On December 7, 1941, Ray's life changed when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Many of Ray's friends treated him differently at school, and Ray was forcibly removed to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then to Poston, AZ.

Ray relocated alone because his father was in Crystal City, Texas, and his older brother volunteered for the Army in 1942. Life in the camp was tough, and Ray had to care for himself.

Ray graduated from high school in the camp and left Poston to work in Chicago, IL. Soon after, he found a better job working as a bookkeeper. Ray saved enough money to attend the University of Minnesota, and when his finances ran low, he volunteered for the Army.

Ray started his career as an auditor working in Japan at the Civil Censorship Detachment (CCD) during the occupation. Next, he was a translator in Tokyo civil service and Okinawa civil service. Ray's second time in Japan was with the Air Force Audit Agency and working around Asia. When Ray retired, Northrop offered him a job and traveled to Korea, Saudi Arabia, and various states in the United States for auditing.

In Ray's retirement years, he enjoys playing golf and going on cruises. Ray has been married to the love of his life for 57 years and has three children and three grandchildren. Ray hopes his grandchildren have a good education and a job they enjoy. For the future of America, he hopes there are no more wars.]]>
Mayeda, Ray: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>

After, Ray went to Okinawa to work for the Civil and Information Department in the military government. He was promoted to Visual Presentation Information Specialist. Ray had many Okinawan people working with him to spread propaganda about democracy in Okinawa. Ray screened movies and documentaries around different towns in Okinawa. Afterward, Ray started renting out regular American films, and his job was to control that.

When Ray did not have work, he found time to visit friends and his siblings. Ray has not seen his sisters and younger brother for 11 years. He reunited with his sisters and brother in Kagoshima and helped them come back to the United States. One of Ray's sisters got married there. After the war, Ray's father returned to Japan.

After serving his time in the occupation, Ray was discharged from the Army and censored telegrams in Osaka. Ray met his wife. His wife was working for the CCD in Tokyo and kept in touch. In March 1950, Ray worked in Okinawa and later returned to Tokyo in October 1951 and married his wife in June 1952.

By 1952, Ray was in Japan for five years, and he returned to the United States with his wife. Ray continued his education at the University of Minnesota, majoring in accounting. He later worked for a CPA firm, and then the Air Force Audit Agency hired him. Later Ray and his family moved to Japan, and Ray audited contracts in various places in Asia.


]]>
Mayeda, Ray: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Oishi, Hal: narrator]]> Dennehy, Kristine: interviewer]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Shishido, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Jumpei grows up in Montebello and helps his father with farming. Jumpei's favorite sport is baseball. He has one sister, Chizuko, and one brother, Kay.

Jumpei discusses his school years from attending Laguna Elementary School in Montebello, high school, and Japanese Language School. His favorite activity at school is sports, especially baseball. During his free time, he rides his bike, goes hiking, and participates in Boy Scouts. On Sundays, he attends Christian Church in Montebello.

In 1939, he graduated high school and continued to help his father with farming. Jumpei recalls the Pearl Harbor aftermath. Jumpei's family goes to Santa Anita Assembly Center when evacuation orders are announced. After six months, Jumpei goes to Detroit, MI, for work, and then he is drafted into the Army.

After basic training, Jumpei goes overseas to Europe. He is assigned to Company D, Heavy Weapons. He shares a story of how his Squad Leader keeps the unit safe from the German soldiers.

When the war ends, Jumpei stays in Italy for three months before returning back to the United States. He goes to Chicago to reunite with his parents. Post-war, Jumpei looks for mechanic work.





]]>
Mine, Jumpei: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Ray emphasizes the value of family and friendship. He says relationships are important to him. During his school years, he recalls influential teachers and friends that impacted his life.

When Ray is in the seventh grade, he travels to Japan with his mother to visit his ill grandmother. Ray is gone for several months. However, he can catch up with his school assignments. Besides primary school, Ray attends Japanese Language School.

Ray recalls December 7 and going to the assembly center. Ray's family tries to stay together as long as they can. However, they go their separate ways. Ray is drafted and goes to Camp Hood and Fort Snelling. ]]>
Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Minoru and his siblings helped their father on the farm before and after school. Minoru attended Warm Springs Grammar School and then Washington High School. In addition to attending primary school, he attended Japanese Language School.

When the Miyasaki family was not farming, they would travel around the Bay Area to visit relatives, do Japanese grocery shopping, celebrate festivals, and saw Japanese films.

On December 7, Minoru was at home when he heard the news about Pearl Harbor on the radio. The following day at school, all the Japanese American students were sent home from school and were told to stay home until the war ended. Later, the government issued restrictions such as blackouts, curfew, and travel restrictions.

In pre-war times, Minoru recalled discrimination. His father could not vote and own land. Also, Asians were not allowed to swim in public swimming pools or live in certain neighborhoods. After the Pearl Harbor attack, Minoru and his family evacuated to Tanofran and Topaz, Utah. Minoru graduated High school in Topaz.]]>
Miyasaki, Minoru: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

In grammar school in Salinas, CA, Robert's first-grade teacher could not pronounce his Japanese name. Therefore, she gives him the name Robert. In school, Robert excels in his studies and plays sports. He says his teachers are his mentors and teach him many things. In addition to attending primary school, Robert attends Japanese Language School.

Before moving to Watsonville, CA, his family lives in Tulare and Speckles. Robert describes his childhood homes in the farming community. Robert spends his free time going to church, watching movies, playing marbles, or playing with his dog. ]]>
Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

He travels overseas on USS Washington. The voyage takes two weeks for the soldiers to land in Italy. He could not tell his family where he is going, no letters are permitted. On the ship, he has kitchen police duties.

When Yoshiro lands in Naples, Italy, Yoshiro goes to Caiazzo, where the replacement depot is. Yoshiro has training in foreign weapons. At the end of April 1945, and Germany surrenders two days later.

In Italy, Yoshiro sees his cousin Rudy Tokiwa. Yoshiro's other cousin Duke Tokiwa (Rudy's brother) is also overseas but in Germany.

The war ends, and Yoshiro returns to the United States. He lands in New Jersey and drives his jeep cross country back to California. Along the way, he makes a few stops to visits friends.

Post-war, Yoshiro goes to school at San Jose State College and UC Berkeley. He majors in biochemistry. After graduating he works at two labs at the California Department of Health Services. Later he works in different fields dealing with carcinogens. Yoshiro explains the PCD compliance agreement and regulation for the museum exhibiting Military ships.

Yoshiro is remarried and has four children (two sons from his previous marriage and two step-daughters). Yoshiro is on the Board of Japanese American Service East Bay. This organization helps elderly Japanese Americans. Yoshiro is proud to serve with the 442nd.]]>
Tokiwa, Yoshiro: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Few days after the Pearl Harbor attack, the Japanese Americans' status changes to 4C, enemy aliens. In addition, there are restrictions such as traveling and curfew hours.

Yoshiro recalls preparing and leaving for evacuation when President Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066. The Tokiwa family goes to the Salinas Assembly Center and then to Poston, Arizona. Yoshiro says they are only allowed to bring what they can carry.

At Poston, Yoshiro works as a security guard and then in the agriculture department. In camp, all the internees are given a loyalty questionnaire. Yoshiro explains the no-no boys and deportation.

In 1944, Yoshiro is drafted. He shares his experience of being inducted and going to basic training at Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Yoshiro discusses the segregation in Mississippi.

At the end of Yoshiro's military career, he is a Technician 5th Grade (Corporal level). Yoshiro is discharged from the Army in January 1947, from Camp Beale, CA.
]]>
Tokiwa, Yoshiro: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Later, Ko's father goes to Japan to get married and returns to the United States. Ko recalls his childhood in Los Angeles, CA. Ko's home life is minimalistic and his parent works hard to provide for their three children (Ko, Chiko, and Akira). Ko describes his father as the disciplinarian and his mother as nurturing. They are very proud of their children.

The success of Sameshima's produce market allows the family to travel to Japan during the Great Depression. For six months the Sameshima family live in Japan. Ko shares his experience of attending a Japanese School.

After returning from Japan, Ko's parents restart their produce market. Ko describes the Crenshaw district during that period. ]]>
Sameshima, Ko Stanley: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

At a USO show, Leo meets an Italian girl name Ebe. Leo and Ebe date for two years before getting married. When the war ends, Leo decides to stay in Italy. Leo shares his story of how he finds a civilian job in the War Department.

Leo and Ebe have a fairytale wedding in Livorno. They have a church ceremony and a reception at Ristorante Republica. Leo and Ebe are married for 52 years and have two children and a grandchild.

Leo moves back to the United States when the Italian offices close. He describes his homecoming experience and introducing his wife to his Issei parents. Leo has the intention to enroll at Idaho University but ends up in the grocery business. He retires in 1998 after being in the grocery business for 52 years.

Leo discusses attending three reunions and gives advice for future generations about a military career. ]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

After the Pearl Harbor attack, there are some restrictions in place. One of them being curfew time. Leo's basketball coach has to get a permit for Leo to be out past curfew to participate in the basketball game. Later, President Truman signs Executive Order 9066 placing thousands of Japanese Americans into camp. Leo discusses the effects of EO9066 and his family in Salinas, California. Leo's family farm also is searched by the FBI.

Before volunteering for service, Leo attends Northern Montana College for a year. The Morishita family is proud of Kenzo, Leo, and Yukata for joining the Army. The Morishita brothers are inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah. Leo does don't leave at the same time with his brothers because of his feet. Leo joins Kenzo and Yutaka six weeks later at Camp Shelby.

At Camp Shelby, Leo does nine months of basic training, He describes the different training he learns and the discrimination in the South. Even though there is discrimination, there is one kind person Leo meets. He shares his story about Earl Finch and his acts of kindness towards the Nisei.

Overseas, Leo lands in Naples, Italy, and learns there is a need for riflemen. He is no longer a medic. Leo is given a browning automatic rifle.]]>
Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Growing up, Shigeo has an active childhood. He works on the plantation with his father growing food, harvesting crops, school projects, and working part-time on the golf course as a caddie service. Although the Iwamasa family did not have a lot of money, Shigeo says they live an honorable life and are happy.

Shigeo reflects on the Pearl Harbor attack and the start of his Military Service. The process of enlisting happens quickly, and Shigeo regrets not telling his parents goodbye. Shigeo travels to the mainland and does basic training at Camp Shelby. At basic training, Shigeo makes friends with some of the mainland soldiers. One of his good friends is Shichizo Toyota. Shigeo discusses their friendship and the impact Shichizo makes on him.

After a year of basic training, Shigeo is shipped overseas to France. Overseas, Shigeo gets measles and is hospitalized. When Shigeo recovers, he receives orders to be a driver for a Major General. ]]>
Iwamasa, Shigeo: narrator]]> Leivich, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Oshiro, Joseph Seichi: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-09-10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Julian Quayles discusses what happens after he escapes from the German soldiers. Julian with another Officer, finds shelter on an Italian civilian's property until they can rejoin the American lines. Julian does not reunite with the American troops until mid-October.

Ray Wells and his Company are training until their next action. They move to Mount Rotondo. Ray discusses the attitudes of the civilians. Food is scarce during the wartimes.

At Mount Rotondo, everyone in Ray's squad is hit by artillery fire. Ray is hospitalized for several weeks. During his recovery, he meets General MacArthur and Hideichi Shimabukuro from the 100th.

When Ray receives news about his brother, he goes AWOL but returns to the frontlines. After recovery, Ray attaches himself to G Company (rifle company) and goes to San Pietro, Italy.

During this time, Julian and his troops are in Monte Cassino. After Monte Cassino, Julian is Battalion S3 (Plans and Training Officer). He is promoted a few more times throughout the European Theater when the higher officers are killed in action.

Even though there are many losses of soldiers from combat, Julian says the morale remains the same. Replacements are brought in to help with the men killed in action or wounded in action.

In Rome, Julian remembers there is a lot of marching. The Germans have set up a few diversions for the American soldiers such as roadblocks and Middle Eastern soldiers to help on the ground. Julian recalls before Monte Cassino, he is sitting on the mountain and watching two British Army soldiers.

Both Ray and Julian discuss the German weapons, mines, and observations planes.]]>
Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Julian Quayles joins the National Guards during his sophomore year in college. He is a part of Company B, 124th Infantry, 31st Division. Julian does his training at Camp Blanding. He describes the living conditions and training.

When Pearl Harbor is attacked on December 7, both Julian and Ray Wells are called to active duty. When Julian and Ray go overseas, they first arrive in Oran, Africa. They share stories of American soldiers being attacked in Africa.

After Africa, Julian and Ray travel to Italy. Ray's first battle is at Mount Rotondo. Julian his capture captured by German soldiers in the town of Persano. ]]>
Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Julian Quayles discusses what happens after he escapes from the German soldiers. Julian with another Officer, finds shelter on an Italian civilian's property until they can rejoin the American lines. Julian does not reunite with the American troops until mid-October.

Ray Wells and his Company are training until their next action. They move to Mount Rotondo. Ray discusses the attitudes of the civilians. Food is scarce during the wartimes.

At Mount Rotondo, everyone in Ray's squad is hit by artillery fire. Ray is hospitalized for several weeks. During his recovery, he meets General MacArthur and Hideichi Shimabukuro from the 100th.

When Ray receives news about his brother, he goes AWOL but returns to the frontlines. After recovery, Ray attaches himself to G Company (rifle company) and goes to San Pietro, Italy.

During this time, Julian and his troops are in Monte Cassino. After Monte Cassino, Julian is Battalion S3 (Plans and Training Officer). He is promoted a few more times throughout the European Theater when the higher officers are killed in action.

Even though there are many losses of soldiers from combat, Julian says the morale remains the same. Replacements are brought in to help with the men killed in action or wounded in action.

In Rome, Julian remembers there is a lot of marching. The Germans have set up a few diversions for the American soldiers such as roadblocks and Middle Eastern soldiers to help on the ground. Julian recalls before Monte Cassino, he is sitting on the mountain and watching two British Army soldiers.

Both Ray and Julian discuss the German weapons, mines, and observations planes.]]>
Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>

Julian Quayles joins the National Guards during his sophomore year in college. He is a part of Company B, 124th Infantry, 31st Division. Julian does his training at Camp Blanding. He describes the living conditions and training.

When Pearl Harbor is attacked on December 7, both Julian and Ray Wells are called to active duty. When Julian and Ray go overseas, they first arrive in Oran, Africa. They share stories of American soldiers being attacked in Africa.

After Africa, Julian and Ray travel to Italy. Ray's first battle is at Mount Rotondo. Julian his capture captured by German soldiers in the town of Persano. ]]>
Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--Travel, leisure]]> Social activities]]> Tsuji, Isami Mike: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Lillian's father is Tsuyoshi Inouye, and her mother is Yayoi Inouye. They have six children in the family. Lillian grows up in a neighborhood that is primarily Japanese American and Chinese. Although Lillian's family is more westernized, she recalls some Japanese traditions practiced during New Year.

Lillian's husband is John Takehisa Matsudaira. He is born November 26, 1922, in Seattle, Washington. John's father is Tokohisa Matsudaira, and his mother is Hatori Umeda Matsudaira. John's parents are from Kanazawa, Japan. They have fourteen children. John is the oldest child in the family, and there is about a 20 year age gap between the siblings.

After school, Lillian helps out at the family restaurant. She rarely has free time. Lillian also attends Japanese School for six years. The neighborhood children are her friends.

John is a loner during his school years. He has many interests and enjoys reading books. John lived in Japan for about five years and started his artwork in Japan. He returns to the United States when he is 12 years old.

Lillian recalls December 7 and evacuation. She describes the atmosphere and preparations made for camp.]]>
Matsudaira, Lilian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Kawanishi, Isamu: narrator]]> Horsting, Isamu: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 July 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> ]]> Iba, Shigeru: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> Ota, Kenneth: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Education--Public schools]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Nishimura, Hiro: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-07-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington]]> World War II--Italy]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Vosges--"Rescue of the Lost Battalion"]]> Religion and churches]]> Westdale, Virgil: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-06-30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Community activities]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Identity and values--Sansei]]> World War II--Department of Justice Internment Camps--Crystal City]]> Oda, Esther: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-03-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Department of Justice Internment Camps--Crystal City]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> ]]> Oda, Esther: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-03-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Back on the mainland, Charley shares two incidents that cause trouble at camp. Post-war, he enrolls at the University of Honolulu and meets his wife. He is the first in his family to graduate from college.

Charley and his wife have three sons together. However, one son passes away from a car accident at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. Before going overseas, Charley is threatened by a plantation field supervisor. Charley has a desire to confront the man after returning home from the war. He shares how he handles the matter. ]]>
Ijima, Charles Toyoji: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Charley discusses the different ways German places and makes their mines. He explains when they go out to combat areas to clear the mines it depends on the purpose.

When the war ends, he is assigned to Ghedi Airport in Po valley, Italy. Depending on how many points you have, you can travel. However, Charley did not have that my points. He recalls waiting a long time until he can be shipped back home.

After leaving Italy, Charley goes to the mainland to Camp Myles Standish in Boston and Camp Kilmer in New Jersey before going home to Kauai, Hawaii. ]]>
Ijima, Charles Toyoji: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Hitoshi says he works with an FBI agent, Dr. Miller, a professor at Syracuse University, on Captain Murakami's case. If Captain Murakami pleads guilty, the sentence would be lighter. However, that is a mistake. Hitoshi says Captain Murakami receives a 30-year sentence.

Hitoshi works with another FBI agent, Captain Peters. Hitoshi says war crimes go along with war. As long as you treat the POWs in a humane way, there will no be war crime cases. Hitoshi explains the Geneva Conference is a universal guideline on how to treat POWs. However, in Hitoshi's opinion avoiding war is better because he lost all his childhood friends in World War Two. War is not worth it.

Hitoshi corresponds with his parents and they ask him to visit their relatives. Hitoshi recalls meeting his relatives. He says the meeting is awkward because he is Japanese but wearing an American Army uniform. Looking at Japan, the cities are destroyed by the bombing and there are food shortages.

Hitoshi is discharged in October 1946 and stays in Japan to work as a civilian. Hitoshi gets married to Utako before returning to the United States. ]]>
Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

As a child, Hitoshi's knowledge of Japan is shaped by his parents and Japanese Language School. In 1928, Hitoshi's mother and sisters travel to Japan. Hitoshi has an opportunity to go to Japan during the military occupation.

On December 7, Hitoshi is a junior at the University of Southern California (USC), majoring in Foreign Trade. Hitoshi remembers hearing about the Pearl Harbor attack on his way to school.

Hitoshi recalls the aftermath of Pearl Harbor. December 7, have effects on the Sameshima family members. Hitoshi says his father is questioned by the FBI, Hitoshi's older sister loses her job and Hitoshi receives notice to leave USC.

In March of 1942, the Japanese Americans relocated to assembly centers. There are 16 assembly centers along the coast where the Japanese Americans are interned for three to four months before going to camp.

Hitoshi discusses evacuation and going to camp. Although Hitoshi is going to camp, he wants to continue his education. He receives an acceptance letter from the University of Denver, April 1943. Before going to Denver, Hitoshi signs a loyalty oath. In June 1944, Hitoshi receives a draft notice from Army.

]]>
Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Eddy says he always looks forward to the holidays. Another pastime Eddy recalls was going for car rides with his family. Eddy's father loves cars.

Living in the Imperial Valley, the Kurushima family shops at the general store and get gas for their family car. Moreover, the Kurushima family goes to town occasionally on Friday nights to watch Japanese movies. Eddy's favorite movies are samurais. Another reason the Kurushima family goes to town is to buy Japanese food.

Eddy looks forwards to the family trips into town. He explains the difference in demographics in the downtown and uptown area. Eddy interacts with other ethnicities at school, but in the country he socializes more with Asians. Eddy discusses the relationship between Salvadorians and Hispanics. Also, he recalls discrimination in elementary school.

Eddy does not share his discrimination with his parents because of "gaman." In Japanese, gaman means tolerance and perseverance. However, Eddy shares his experiences with his peers at school.

Eddy's love for art was encouraged not only by his mother but by Ms. Charles, his sixth-grade teacher. In grade school, Eddy already realized he wanted to be an artist. He discusses being Japanese American and being an artist.

In 1933, the Kurushima family went to Japan and stayed there for several years. Eddies show his drawing of himself with his siblings. Eddy feels he is not accepted in Japan or the United States because he is a foreigner in both countries.
]]>
Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Masato changes his name to Eddy because of the confusion of his Japanese name with his sister's name in high school.

Eddy grows up on the farm and he describes his childhood and home life. Eddy's Issei parents are from Japan. Before coming to California, Eddy's father worked in Mexico on a farm and is fluent in Spanish.

At a young age, Eddy helps his father with interpreting negotiations and documents. They have a close relationship because Eddy understands his father the most. Eddy describes his father as a quiet, gentle, kind, and hard-working man.

Eddy also has fond memories of his mother. He describes his mother's life as a Cinderella story. Growing up, Eddy loves to draw, and his mother supports his interest.

As an artist, Eddy draws life on the farm and his family to illustrate his childhood. ]]>
Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

When the news of the war is over, Masato Yamashita hears that they might go to the Pacific, and soldiers from I Company sign up for the Military Intelligence Service (MIS).

At the end of the war, Masato's duty is guarding German Prisoners and attends school. Lloyd Fujitani also has guard duty at the end of the war. He watches over the surplus supply and Army equipment. Lloyd recalls the Army recruiting him for the 88th Division. However, he wants to return home.

In December, Masato is discharged and returns to Lodi, CA. He lives with his mother since the passing of his father. Masato works on the ranch for a few years before going to National Trade School to learn mechanics. Later he works at Pine Street Garage in Lodi for ten years. Masato saves enough money and buys the building next door to the auto shop. He owns a supply store called Pine Auto Supply for several years before selling the business.

In September 1946, Lloyd is discharge. Lloyd works on the ten-acre vineyard producing wine for winemakers.

Masato and Lloyd discuss the Nisei legacy. Masato says Japanese Americans and other Asians have more equality now than before thanks to the 442nd contributions.


]]>
Yamashita, Masato: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Inashima, Osamu: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009-03-05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]>
Paul knew the butokai was a good informant because he was carrying directives from the regional area. The directives were on paper and there was not too much conversation. After meeting with his informants, he would give them a good meal and a payoff. The money to pay off the informants came from selling on the Black Market. Paul remembers his unit being investigated and cleared of the accusations.

In Mie-ken where Paul was stationed, there was no undercover or stealthy investigative work. Everyone knew Paul and what he was doing for the CIC. He recalls attending May Day and observing the demonstration. Paul enjoyed his work and when he had time he traveled around Japan. Paul saw the suffering of the locals. There were homelessness and food shortages.

The Niseis stationed in Japan during the occupation treated the locals well and sympathized with their situation. Overall the occupation helped Japan democratize and rebuild the country.

After Paul's service, he remains active and participated with
pilgrimages for his chapters.

]]>
Ichiuji, Paul: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Occupied territories]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Marianas Islands]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Social activities--Travel]]> Tanaka, Ritsuo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Fukunaga, Harold: narrator]]> Hashimoto, Leiton: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Social activities--Sports]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Yoshino, Yoshito: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 March 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Social activities]]> Yoshino, Yoshito: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 March 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp McCoy]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> Hada, Chester: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-10-30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values]]>
Fukasawa is sent to Korea and says the feeling is different from the European Theater because there is not advancement of the front line. In Korea you have to hold the line and the moral is not a high spirited.

Fukasawa returns back home after the war when he accumulates enough points. After Korea, Fukasawa and his wife live in Los Angeles. He gets a job at the Naval Center until 1954 when he works for Ventura County Junior College. Fukasawa works his way up to head Gardener and then retires. He has three daughters, grandchild and great grandchildren. Fukasawa also leaves a advice for future generations. ]]>
Fukasawa, Peter: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 August 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Kitajima, Fred: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 June 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Kurihara, Lloyd: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 May 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Maritime Alps]]> World War II--European Theater--"The Gothic Line"]]> Kurihara, Lloyd: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 May 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> World War II--European Theater--"The Gothic Line"]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Combat--Weapons--Artillery]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> World War II--Combat--Weapons--Rifles]]> Katagiri, David: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 April 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Uno, Ernest: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Matsushita, Tomii: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Social activities]]> Oye, Suneko: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 October 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veterans' organizations]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Fujiwara, Roy: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Oshiro, Seiki: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 June 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Education]]> Nakasone, Edwin: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: inteviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Minnesota ]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Oda, Charles: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 May 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Tabata, Katsutoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 May 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Social activities]]> Saiki, Charles: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Teramura, Yasu: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> Koyama, George: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]>
When the war starts, Camp Savage opens, Yoshio sees John again at the Military Intelligence Service Language School. The Military Intelligence Service is a top-secret unit. Yoshio credits them for their hard work and contributions.

The cold weather is the most memorable thing at Camp Savage for Yoshio. He wears long johns and heavy coats to get used to the cold. When Yoshio has free time, he goes to town to eat at a Chinese restaurant, USO, or watch movies.

In June 1944, Yoshio and his wife marry in Minneapolis. They have a dozen friends there. However, their family does not attend because they are in Manzanar. When Yoshio hears the war has ended, he hopes to go home soon. However, his wife is pregnant and cannot travel.

Yoshio's daughter was born in January 1945. They stay in Minneapolis, and he does odd jobs until they can travel to West Los Angeles. When Yoshio comes home, his home is full of people from Manzanar. After Manzanar, some people have nowhere to go. Yoshio discusses the internment camps, and he does not feel it is necessary.

After being placed in camp, Yoshio feels like the Japanese American community has to rebuild what they had. The Japanese American community bonded together and persevered.
]]>
Izumi, Yoshio: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Toyota: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Saiki, Mamoru: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]>
During his time overseas, Yamada has not seen wife for two and a half years but they remain in contact through snail mail. When he receives his furlough to go home, the is war ending, Yamada goes back to join unit in Manila and then goes to Japan.

When he arrives in Yokohama, General Tojo attempted suicide after Japan surrenders. One of Yamada's duties is to interrogates General Tojo at the hospital. Yamada recalls General Tojo receiving a gift of persimmons and Yamada asks if he can have one. Yamada is stationed in Yokohama for 3 months and sees the lack of food, provision and displacement of the Japanese Nationals.

In 1945, Yamada goes home and is discharge in Hawaii. He is thankful for living and the opportunity to travel. Yamada travels to Europe 11 times, been around the world, and cruises.

Yamada recollects his wife being a classmate in high school but did not know her. Later he is introduce to her by mutual friend. His wife passes away 2001. Yamada has one daughter, two grandchildren and four great grandchildren. His plans for the future to travel more to Africa and Monaco. ]]>
Yamada, Tom: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> immigrated in 1910 from Japan for the opportunity to be a contract labor. In Japan, their families are farmers. Yamada admires his Father because he bought rental property, invested in stocks, worked at store and post office. Yamada's Father is a hard worker and in his spare time he likes to entertain and travel. Yamada's Mother is hardworking on plantation and industrious. Among the children, Yamada oldest, followed by his sister and brother.

The Yamada family lives on plantation in a two bedroom house. He recalls school and taking a train to high school. After high school, he goes to school in Kyoto for two and 1/2 years. Learning the Japanese language helps him with second job as tour guide. Yamada grows up in Japanese Hawaiian community. 1920's merchants in Hawaii about 80% Japanese owned. Yamada discusses the important friendships in his life. ]]>
Yamada, Tom: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]>
Industry and employment]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Tanaka, Douglas: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 199 December 04]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California ]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Vosges--"Rescue of the Lost Battalion"]]> Shiosaki, Fred: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 July 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Spokane, Washington ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Konno, Frank: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Umeda, Ben: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Marina, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Military service]]> Yokoyama, Mamoru: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Identity and values--Nisei]]> Kodama, Mitsuo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Sakamoto, Manabu: narrator]]> Horsting, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Hospitals]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> World War II--Italy]]> Matsuda, Don: narrator]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Sato, Roy: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Rancho Cordova, California ]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kagawa, Wallace: narrator]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Miyashiro, George: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii ]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Yano, Robert: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater--Anzio Campaign]]> Doi, Mitsuru: narrator]]> Hashisaka, Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Hayashi, Masami: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> World War II--Military service--Travel, leisure]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> World War II--Italy]]> World War II--Hospitals]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Yokote, Roy: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-06-28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California]]> World War II--Military intelligence]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> World War II--Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki]]> Nakawatase, Roy: Narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: Interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: Publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-01-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--Embarkation]]> World War II--Casualties]]> World War II--Psychological aspects]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Akagi, Nelson: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darryl: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-08-16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>

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