On January 19, 1942, Michael was drafted and went into service. He went to Fort MacArthur San Pedro and then to Rockford, IL, for medic training at Camp Grant. Michael was a male nurse in the ward for a year before working in a clinic. In Chicago, Michael met his wife, Jean Doi. Michael said his wife was influential in the redress and helped get the swing vote from their Assemblyman in Georgia.

After working in the clinic for a year, he was transferred to Camp Sheridan and then to Camp Blanding. At Camp Blanding, Florida, he trained as an infantryman. He describes the conditions and training at camp Blanding. Michael made friends easily and had a good relationship with the Hawaiian soldiers.

The training was quick because replacements were needed overseas. Michael's oldest brother Sam was drafted, and his younger brother Jimmy was drafted. Michael reunited with his brothers briefly at Camp Blanding before shipping out. However, Sam was discharged and sent to Gila.

In Europe, Michael joined the 100th, A Company-Mortar. As a mortarman, he could not use the mortar in the forest due to shell burst. Michael said the German weapon sounds scarier than a mortar because you cannot hear a mortar. He recalls experiencing artillery fire.

Michael recollects many battles and life on the battlefield. Occasionally, Michael gave aid to wounded soldiers who needed treatment. Hot meals were not served frequently, but soldiers survived on C rations and K rations.

After the Lost Battalion and losing many soldiers, General Dahlquist did a review. The remaining soldiers and Michael were sent to the French Italian border to guard until they received replacements. At this time, Jimmy joined G Company, Michael remembers running into Jimmy and his friend.
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Doi, Michael: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Social activities]]> Kanegai, Yoshio George: narrator]]> Yamada, Gayle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-04-08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California ]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Kanegai, Yoshio George: narrator]]> Yamada, Gayle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-04-08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California ]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Yamamoto, Steve: narrator ]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 November 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> Yamane, Kazuo: narrator ]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Education]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Sako, Joe: narrator ]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 1]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Community activities]]> Social activities]]> Tanigawa,Hitoshi: narrator]]> Japanese American Service Committee: publisher]]> Japanese Service Committee]]> 2008]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Social activities--Sports]]> Social activities--Dances]]> Activism and involvement]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Japan--Military]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Counter Intelligence Corps Linguists]]> Identity and values--Nisei]]> Saiki, Barry: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 May 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Sacramento, California]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Race--Post-war treatment]]> Identity and values--Children]]> Fujii, Kazuo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-07-14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Chemical warfare]]> Industry and employment]]> Kamishita, Seiso: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-10-07]]> eng]]> cpe]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Military service]]> World War II--France]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Medals]]> World War II--Forest warfare]]> Estes, Bruce: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009-11-01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Mitsui, Sam: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bob: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 July 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Social activities--Travel]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Nishijima, Ronald: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 August 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Heart Mountain]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Uno, Raymond: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 August 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Yamamoto, Jun: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii ]]> World War II--European Theater--Central Europe Campaign--Liberation of Dachau Subcamps (522nd Field Artillery Battalion)]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--Military service--522nd Field Artillery Battalion]]> Shikashio, Jim: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Idaho ]]>
When Japan surrendered, George was assigned to the occupation Army. His duty in Japan was to assign local laborers to various jobs. The laborers would show up for work, and George gave assignments to any available workers.

Before returning home to the States, George visited his parents' relatives in Nagano, Japan. He recalls they did not have much to talk about because there was not much of a family tie or closeness. After returning to the United States, George did not stay connected with his relatives.

After George’s service in Japan, he first went to St. Paul to see his wife-to-be and then to Chicago to see his parents. He was discharged in May and got married to Esther in August. George had a long career in the Civil Service and worked for the Government in the accounting department until he retired.

George and Esther have a daughter, Nami, and a son, John. John has two children, Kay, and John. George's message for his grandchildren is to be happy and save money. Through all of his journey in life, George said he is overall satisfied with life.
]]>
Suzuki, George: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

When George landed in Japan, he described the destruction of the country. George saw the locals living in makeshift shacks and children asking for handouts. George was stationed in Yokohama and assigned to a labor pool group. His task was to assign local laborers to specific jobs. Besides working in Yokohama, George also worked in Kyoto for a month.

Before shipping home to the United States, George went with his cousin to visit his parents' siblings in Nagano for a few days. George returned home to his wife Esther and visited George Yamaguchi’s mother and sister in Chicago.

George felt there was some good from the occupation for Japan to rebuild. The Niseis were essential during the occupation of Japan because they knew the Japanese language and customs. The Niseis help build the bridge to communicate with the natives.
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Suzuki, George: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kurata, Joseph: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 March 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Arts and literature]]> Fujimoto, Fred: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 March 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Elk Grove, California ]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]>
]]>
Ishikawa, Moffet: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 March 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California ]]>
Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service]]> Kobashigawa, Yeiki: narrator]]> Hashisaka, Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-06-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
Ray attended Coronado High School and got good grades. He credits his education in Japan for doing well in high school. In addition to Ray's academic studies, he was elected student body treasurer and ran track. Ray was popular with his peers and had many friends.

On December 7, 1941, Ray's life changed when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Many of Ray's friends treated him differently at school, and Ray was forcibly removed to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then to Poston, AZ.

Ray relocated alone because his father was in Crystal City, Texas, and his older brother volunteered for the Army in 1942. Life in the camp was tough, and Ray had to care for himself.

Ray graduated from high school in the camp and left Poston to work in Chicago, IL. Soon after, he found a better job working as a bookkeeper. Ray saved enough money to attend the University of Minnesota, and when his finances ran low, he volunteered for the Army.

Ray started his career as an auditor working in Japan at the Civil Censorship Detachment (CCD) during the occupation. Next, he was a translator in Tokyo civil service and Okinawa civil service. Ray's second time in Japan was with the Air Force Audit Agency and working around Asia. When Ray retired, Northrop offered him a job and traveled to Korea, Saudi Arabia, and various states in the United States for auditing.

In Ray's retirement years, he enjoys playing golf and going on cruises. Ray has been married to the love of his life for 57 years and has three children and three grandchildren. Ray hopes his grandchildren have a good education and a job they enjoy. For the future of America, he hopes there are no more wars.]]>
Mayeda, Ray: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Military service--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Lasseigne, Albert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 October 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Industry and employment]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Shishido, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Kamemoto, Mitsugi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Arts and literature]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values]]> Goodall, Oliver: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Alameda, California ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Fujimoto, Fumio: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008-11-22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Frank's new duties are in the medic department as an administrative. He handles the paperwork for the physicals of incoming and outgoing recruits. On Frank's days off, he travels around the island and visits his uncle.

Frank recalls learning the ended when he is at Camp Maxey, TX, and he discusses his feelings about the bombing in Japan. In November 1946, Frank is discharged, and he continues his education on his GI Bill. He attends pharmacy school and works part-time at Walgreens.

After graduating, Frank works at Walgreens for several years before becoming an independent pharmacist. Then he sells his pharmacy to work for other pharmacies.

Frank is married to Margaret, and they have a son John David Hiratsuka. John is married has two sons. Frank's parents instilled in him values that he would like to pass on to his grandchildren. Frank wishes his grandchildren to be successful and happy. He hopes they will pursue their dreams.

Frank spends his retirement years being socially active with volunteering, church, and hobbies. He shares a message for future generations that he hopes the Japanese American experience never happens again for anyone else. ]]>
Hiratsuka, Frank: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Tanaka, Edward: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008-19-11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Glenview, Illinois]]>
In February 1945, James received his Army draft and went to Texas for basic training. Basic training lasted four months, and he went overseas to Germany.

At the end of 1945, James goes overseas to Dorndorf, Germany, for five to six months with the occupation forces. He says Dorndorf, Germany, was rebuilt by the American Army and did not look affected by wartime. It was evident the United States was trying to keep the peace by helping Germany rebuild.

After several months in Germany, James was discharged in 1946. He enrolled in college to learn about agriculture and worked on the family farm. James was married for 40 years to Susie, and they have five children and four grandchildren.

James discusses the contributions of the Japanese Americans during World War Two. James loves the United States and says it is the best place to live. ]]>
Fujii, James: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Military service]]> World War II--Burma]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> Watanabe, Saburo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011-03-01]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kazumura, Larry: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Sato, Frank Saburo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 November 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kaseguma, Paul Shigeki: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-11-15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bellevue, Washington]]> Industry and employment--Aerospace industry]]> Identity and values]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kawamoto, Casey: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-10-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tiburon, California]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Industry and employment]]> Cunningham, Arthur Warren: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 September 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Antonio, Texas ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Iwataki, Kuwashi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> Inouye, Masato: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--China-Burma-India Theater]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]>
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Kubota, Mike Yoshio: narrator]]> Yee, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Fujimoto, Mitsusuke: narrator]]> Fujimoto, Terrie: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Omoto, William: narrator]]> Yoneshige, David: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Fukasawa, Harry: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]>
Paul also goes to high schools and universities to speak to students about evacuation and his military service. Paul is a member of the Nikkei International Association. Nikkei International Association's goal is to maintain the relationship with other Japanese Americans overseas and promote the Japanese heritage. Later, Paul discovers he is part of a Fukushima-Ken Kenjin-Kai.

Paul explains he is active in the community because he likes helping others. Therefore, Paul teaches his children the value of helping others. Although, he does not share his wartime shares with his children. Paul's two daughters were active in the court cases for Gordon Hirabayashi, Fred Korematsu, and Minoru Yasui. Therefore they are familiar with the Japanese American experience.

Paul discusses different ways of recording history through oral histories, books, and photographs. By recording history, the purpose is to retain the experiences of the Nisei to educate others. Paul loves photography and has over 400 albums of photos. He likes to record events of other people through photographs. ]]>
Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Yoshida, Masaru Frank: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-08-18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Photography]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Tokushige, Jim Jitsuo: narrator]]> Wasserman, Laura: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 July 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Casualties]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Tokushige, Jim Jitsuo: narrator]]> Wasserman, Laura: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 July 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Social activities--Dating (social customs)]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service--Linguists]]> Immigration and citizenship--Life in Japan and reasons for leaving]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Maruyama, Kenichi K.: narrator
Maruyama, Sumiko Nakahiro: narrator]]>
Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 July 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Leaving Camp]]> Education]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Sato, William: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tulare]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> Sato, William: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Tsubota, Minoru: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> Education]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Tamashiro, Minoru: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-06-27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Nukuto, Tadashi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Yoshimoto, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]>
As a Liaison Officer, the big mission at the time was the Government Relocation Construction Program. Allocating the funding for the program would take a long time. However, Japan decided to use their reparation money to construct the buildings to meet the safety standards. When the construction was complete, the next mission was to build a commutation system throughout Japan.

He finished the project in 1957, and return to the United States. Skeets was reassigned to G4, Headquarters Company, 6th Army, Presidio, Monterey. He was a General Staff Officer in charge of maintenance. After he finished his tour, he asked to go back to Japan but was declined.

In 1959 Skeets went to Hanau, Germany, and was assigned as an Engineer Officer. Later he was assigned to replace a Major in Baumholder as Post Engineer responsible for maintenance and engineering facility. He also oversaw a Quarter Master Depot and Hospital. When Skeets was not working, he explored Europe and went sightseeing.

He finished his career in Europe in 1960 and was reassigned to Sierra Army Depot as Post Engineer and served for two years. Besides working, he also continued his education to get his engineering status for the Federal Civil Service. Skeets got his degree and was promoted to GS11 Engineer.

In 1963, Skeets retired from his military service. Skeets moved to Berkeley and worked as a civilian as a Utilities Management Engineer for the Navy.
Skeets remarried and lived in Berkeley, but the commute to Sharp Army Depot in Stockton was too long. Skeets found a job at Oakland Army Base as an Engineer before having the opportunity with the Navy as a Utilities Contracting Officer. Right before Skeets' retirement in 1978, he suggested to the Navy to microfiche the remaining files. He ended up working a few more years.

After retiring from the Military and Federal Civil Service of 42 years, Skeets now spends his time with his wife and children. Skeets has two daughters, and his second wife has three daughters. Skeets and his second wife have thirteen grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. Skeets love traveling and recalls his trip to China.]]>
Oji, Sukeo: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

During the occupation, Skeets was in Japan from 1946-48 helping with the family housing and making inspection reports for military housing. Skeets related the relocation of the Japanese families to the American Government relocating the Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor.

In 1948, Skeets got orders to return to the United States. Skeets brought his family with him, and he reported to Fort Pickett Virginia. However, the engineering program has deactivated the program and locked up everything.

Skeets left Fort Pickett and went to Fort Benning to attend engineering school. He worked on a few engineering projects before going to the Pentagon to request to be sent to Japan. Before going to Japan, he settled his wife and children in Yuma City. In 1950, Skeets returns to Japan for the second time to build additional buildings.

Later, joined the 2nd Infantry Team from Fort Lewis to go to the Korean War.
]]>
Oji, Sukeo: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Yoshioka, Masaru Robert: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 May 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California ]]> World War II--European Theater--"The Gothic Line"]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Nunotani, Wallace: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 May 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California ]]>
Thomas and his wife Frances recently went to Vegas, and sometimes he goes to the 100th Club. Thomas proudly served his county in the 100th. He says war experience is good, but no one has a guarantee that you will live. A person should serve their country. ]]>
Wozumi, Thomas Ukichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

He recalls his first battle, the Lost Battalion, and the 442nd first battle with the German soldiers. He discusses the difference between German and American guns, living conditions on the battlefield, and replacements.

At the end of October, Thomas is injured by a landmine when his Company crosses the river. He receives the Purple Heart for his injuries. After his recovery, he goes to Anzio and stays in Naples for a while. Shortly after, Thomas gets trench foot and is reclassified from the messenger squad to being a driver.

Thomas returns to Hawaii on September 5, 1945, after being discharge from service. He shares his homecoming experience and works at the Post Office as a mail courier for 27 years before retiring. ]]>
Wozumi, Thomas Ukichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Italy]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Masuda, Kaoru: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Merced, California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Yoshihara, George: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Community activities]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Industry and employment--Educators]]> Japan--Military]]> Social activities]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--China-Burma-India Theater]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Japanese Americans]]> Tasaki, Toma: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 June 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Doiwchi, Shiyo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Miyamoto, Hajime: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 March 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> ]]> Nakauchi, Hideo: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]>
A memorable moment in Japan for Hitoshi is the accomplishment of climbing Mount Fuji. He describes his journey up the mountain and seeing the sunrise.

Hitoshi returns to the United States after being in Japan for several years. He and his wife travel on an Army transport ship for thirteen days until to arrive in Seattle, WA.

Hitoshi and his wife go to Altadena, CA, where his sister lives. Hitoshi takes a civil service exam for a store helper and passes the exam. He feels it will be hard to make a living with this job. Therefore, he decides to return to school at USC in the evenings. At work, Hitoshi takes promotional exams and passes. Hitoshi ends up staying with the County of Los Angeles for 38 years and receives many promotions. He retires in 1983 from the standardization department as Supervisor Deputy.

Hitoshi's wife speaks little English, and he helps his wife, Utako, get a domestic job to immerse her in the English language. Utako works for McDonald Home in Altadena, and everyone loves her. Hitoshi and his wife have a daughter, Linda.

Hitoshi's message to future generations is to live a good life. Be kind to others and show compassion. Be honest with yourself. Be worthy of what you are doing and take responsibility as you should. Hitoshi reflects on his friend, Joe Hayashi. Post-war, Hitoshi stays active in the community and gives his time helping with others. ]]>
Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Hitoshi says he works with an FBI agent, Dr. Miller, a professor at Syracuse University, on Captain Murakami's case. If Captain Murakami pleads guilty, the sentence would be lighter. However, that is a mistake. Hitoshi says Captain Murakami receives a 30-year sentence.

Hitoshi works with another FBI agent, Captain Peters. Hitoshi says war crimes go along with war. As long as you treat the POWs in a humane way, there will no be war crime cases. Hitoshi explains the Geneva Conference is a universal guideline on how to treat POWs. However, in Hitoshi's opinion avoiding war is better because he lost all his childhood friends in World War Two. War is not worth it.

Hitoshi corresponds with his parents and they ask him to visit their relatives. Hitoshi recalls meeting his relatives. He says the meeting is awkward because he is Japanese but wearing an American Army uniform. Looking at Japan, the cities are destroyed by the bombing and there are food shortages.

Hitoshi is discharged in October 1946 and stays in Japan to work as a civilian. Hitoshi gets married to Utako before returning to the United States. ]]>
Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Post-war, Eddy furthers his education and attends college to study art. Then he goes to a specialized school focusing on art. After he graduates from school, Eddy becomes a professional artist.

Eddy shares how he meets his wife, Mary Meri Kurushima, in Los Angeles, CA. They have been married for 52 years and have three children - Brian, Jeffrey (Carol), and Denise (Mike). They also have three grandchildren - Kyle, Dean, and Kacy.

For the future generations, Eddy does not want them to forget what has happened to the Japanese Americans during World War Two. He hopes what happened to the Nisei to happen to anyone else.]]>
Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
World War II--Loyalty Questionnaire--No-no boys]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Hamada, William Yoshimi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007 April 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Maya also shares how he met his wife at Poston. His grandson, Daniel, served in Germany and did three tours in Iraq. Daniel came home safe.
]]>
Miyamoto, Maya: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>

Maya's assignment was to drive the gas truck and trailer to Yokohama to get gas and haul rations or to get rations. Eventually, Maya's outfit got move vehicles, and the transport got the gas. Maya did not have to drive to get gas anymore. Maya became to head the Motor Pool as Motor Sergeant.

Besides work, Maya played a lot of baseballs. They started as a softball team, and they won a championship in the CIC detachment. There were many professional baseball players among their troops. Later, Maya played for the GHQ's baseball team. Maya's position was pitcher, short and third. He had fun and traveled around for games. In 1949, Maya received an award from the Commanding General for playing in the all-Japan tournament. Baseball in Japan was very popular.

Another popular activity during the occupation was the Black Market. Maya explains that the black market was selling or bartering items like a cigarette for Japanese yen. However, some individuals have the black market as a business. Maya had his wife with him in Japan, and he did not want the risk of her being sent back to the United States. Maya shares his thoughts on the blanket market. The black market was a big moneymaker.

During the occupation, there were food shortages in Japan. Maya did what he could to help to locals. He recalls helping the Japanese nationalists by giving them salt, bait to go fishing, and rations. Maya said the Japanese nationalist workers at the CIC performed good work, and you could trust them. Maya found the Japanese nationals to be trustworthy people. ]]>
Miyamoto, Maya: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Industry and employment]]> Identity and values]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> ]]> Fukushima, Jun: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Arts and literature]]> Shimizu, Masao: narrator]]> Sueki, Lisa: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 November 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Industry and employment]]> ]]> Doi, Isao: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Education]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> ]]> Doi, Isao: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Saito, Richard: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Military service--Veterans' organizations]]> Race--Post-war treatment]]> Industry and employment--Aerospace industry]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Satow, Susumu: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Yokoi, Feb: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 February ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Hishinuma, Ramsay: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Japan--Okinawa]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> World War II--Military service--1399th Engineer Construction Battalion]]> Hagino, Kenneth: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Yokoyama, Masayoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Matsuo, Franz Shiro: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Hisatomi, Kune: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--European Theater--"The Gothic Line"]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Maritime Alps,"Champagne Campaign"]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Hisatomi, Kune: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 13 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Karatsu, George: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 December 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]>


]]>
Sato, Ted: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 November 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Sano, George Kiyoichi: narrator]]> Oka, L.: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 December 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Arts and literature]]> Miyake, Ocean: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-11-11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Miyake, Ocean: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-11-11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Industry and employment]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kimoto, Sanji: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center ]]> 2005-10-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Anaheim, California]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Makino, Jimmy: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 September 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Suzuki, James: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 September 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Industry and employment]]> Arts and literature]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Horikawa, Hideyoshi: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 August 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Italy]]> Kinoshita, Yoshio: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-07-13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> World War II--European Theater]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Namba, Kennie: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 July 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Yoshino, George: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 June 22]]> eng]]> Minneapolis, Minnesota ]]>

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