In 1939, their parents returned to Japan and moved back to Chicago, IL, after the war for a few years. Michael and Jimmy's parents decided to settle back in Japan because all their friends were there. Michael and Jimmy describe their parents as gentle and caring.

Although their parents were Buddhist, the children were raised as Christian. A traditional holiday celebrated in the house was New Year. The children were taught well and grew up to be good citizens.

Michael and Jimmy discuss their school years and participating in sports. At home Michael and Jimmy help with house chores or farm work. Their oldest brother had two produce stores, and Michael helped. Michael and Jimmy recall December 7 and the aftermath that followed.

Jimmy recollects his Sunday School Teacher saying he was American. The following day, Jimmy's friends treated him differently at lunchtime, and he ate lunch alone. Although some people treated the Japanese Americans as an outcast, the Oxnard community treated the Japanese Americans well.

Almost a month after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Michael was drafted. He went to San Pedro, Camp MacArthur, before going to Rockford, IL. The Japanese American soldiers were assigned to the Medical Training Center, where Michael trained to be a medic and worked in a hospital as an attendant.

Later, Michael went to Camp Blanding, Florida, to be a replacement for the 442nd. Michael transitioned from being a medic to an infantryman. After completing training, he went overseas to be a replacement for the 100th and 442nd.
]]> Doi, Jimmy: narrator]]> Doi, Michael John: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-03-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
In Japan, Hershey's father was drafted into the Japanese Military. Three years later, Hershey's parents returned to the United States. Hershey's parents settled in Gallup in 1906.

Hershey lost his mother when he was eleven years old, and his father had to raise seven children alone. His father was very strict and ran a restaurant called Ok Cafe.

Hershey's father instilled in him to be a good person and citizen. When the children were not in school, they helped at the restaurant. Hershey, favorite memory was a family gathering and eating Japanese food. Hershey loved sushi the most.

Hershey’s favorite childhood activities were hanging out with his friends, boxing, fishing, hunting, and bowling. At 14 years old, Hershey’s father bought him a car.

Growing up in Gallup, the community was diverse. He was aware of his Japanese ancestry and did not feel different from his peers. In the Army, Hershey made many good friends too.]]> Miyamura, Hiroshi "Hershey"; narrator]]> Yamazaki, Christine; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-07-24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
At school, there were not many Japanese American students. The first part of Enoch’s school years was at a country school. After moving to the city, he attended a city school district. Enoch also attends Japanese Language School briefly. On the weekends, Enoch helped his father at the family store.

Besides school and helping his father, Enoch had a carefree childhood enjoying cowboy movies and watching sports games. He describes having fun exploring different Naval ships during Navy Week in Portland. Moreover, Enoch was social in the Japanese Community through the Medothist Church.

On December 7, Enoch’s life changed like many other Japanese Americans. Soon after the Declaration of War, restrictions were issued for a curfew and turned in weapons and radios. Enoch was unsure of the future. In April 1942, Enoch and his family arrived at the Assembly Center. Enoch recalls hearing news about the draft and receiving his 4C card from the Draft Board in Minidoka. ]]> Kanaya, Enoch; narrator]]> Yamagami, Don; interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center; publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-06-25]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities--Sports]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Arisumi, Hiroshi: narrator ]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 October 5]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Paia (Maui), Hawaii]]>
Tom has two younger sisters, and they grew up in Los Angeles, CA, near Chinatown. Later the family moved to Boyle Heights, CA. Tom attended elementary school for eight years and participated in an athletic club. Later, he goes to Lincoln High School for four years.
]]> Umeda, Tom Shigetoki: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
In 1938, Harold graduates high school and goes to the University of Washington for two years. Harold recalls the attack on Pearl Harbor. His brother, Masanori, is still in Japan studying abroad. However, Masanori makes it back to the United States on the last ship to Seattle. Harold discusses the effects of Pearl Harbor and the family's grocery store.

When evacuation orders are announced, Harold and his family go to Puyallup and then to Minidoka. He describes the living conditions at the camp. The Army is asking for volunteers for the 442nd. However, Harold is not accepted. Then after three months at Minidoka, Harold goes to harvest crops in Twin Falls. In Twin Falls, Harold and Edith get married.

In Denver, Harold receives his draft notice from the Army. June of 1944, Harold is inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah, and goes to Camp Shelby for basic training.]]> Horiuchi, Harold: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
In Seattle, WA, his father opens a grocery store. Harold's father enjoys fishing and tennis. Harold's memorable moment with his father is when they go fishing. Harold's other childhood activities are going to the movies and Boy Scouts.

Harold attends Central Elementary School and Japanese Language School. Later he attends Garfield High School. Growing up, Harold says he does not experience discrimination or prejudice. The people in Seattle are friendly.

At home, Harold speaks both Japanese and English. His parents instilled in him Japanese traditions and values. ]]> Horiuchi, Harold: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
In the United States, Ray's father was a successful farmer until the Great Depression. His parents taught him to work hard, be honest, and do well in school. Besides working on the farm, Ray went to school. He got good grades and participated in clubs and sports.

When World War Two ended, Ray went to Japan for the occupation. He discusses his thoughts on Nisei's contributions and the rebuilding of Japan.
]]> Mayeda, Ray: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Higashino, Edwin: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Tanabe, Jim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]>
Another social event is movies at the Japanese Community Center or going to the movie theater. The churches also have social events for the Japanese American Communities.

During their school years, they did not recall hearing much about world events. They remember Joe is a good student and he enjoys repairing things. Chiye shares how Joe signs up for the Army.

Chiye and Seichi recall Pearl Harbor and December 7. ]]> Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Chiye's family lives in Salinas, CA, before moving to Los Angeles, CA, after Chiye's father passes away. In Pasadena, Chiye's mother meets Seichi's father and remarries.

Chiye, Henry, and Seiichi describe their parents and their childhood going up in Salinas and Pasadena. They all attend Japanese Language School besides attending primary school.

Chiye is closest to Joe because they are fourteen months apart in age. One of Joe's hobbies is raising pigeons. ]]> Watanabe, Chiye: narrator]]> Hayashi, Henry: narrator]]> Nakawatase, Seiichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> Jumpei grows up in Montebello and helps his father with farming. Jumpei's favorite sport is baseball. He has one sister, Chizuko, and one brother, Kay.

Jumpei discusses his school years from attending Laguna Elementary School in Montebello, high school, and Japanese Language School. His favorite activity at school is sports, especially baseball. During his free time, he rides his bike, goes hiking, and participates in Boy Scouts. On Sundays, he attends Christian Church in Montebello.

In 1939, he graduated high school and continued to help his father with farming. Jumpei recalls the Pearl Harbor aftermath. Jumpei's family goes to Santa Anita Assembly Center when evacuation orders are announced. After six months, Jumpei goes to Detroit, MI, for work, and then he is drafted into the Army.

After basic training, Jumpei goes overseas to Europe. He is assigned to Company D, Heavy Weapons. He shares a story of how his Squad Leader keeps the unit safe from the German soldiers.

When the war ends, Jumpei stays in Italy for three months before returning back to the United States. He goes to Chicago to reunite with his parents. Post-war, Jumpei looks for mechanic work.





]]> Mine, Jumpei: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Nagano, Jack: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]>
Frank's grandfather is a farmer, and Frank's father briefly works on the farm until he gets another job. Both Frank's parents work in private homes and live at the employer's home. Frank's parents are hard-working and work six days a week.

During the Great Depression, Frank says life is not difficult because his parents have a stable job. Although his parents are always working, they do have time off to spend with family and friends. Frank says New Year is a festive holiday with Japanese food and family.

At school, Frank's favorite subjects are art and music. He plays numerous instruments from the violin, saxophone to the clarinet. He recalls performing at the World Fair with his school band.

Frank's childhood activities consist of games, marbles, movies, and listening to adventure shows on the radio.

On December 7, Frank remembers listening to the radio and hearing the news broadcast about Pearl Harbor. Frank and his parents and the bus driver from the Japanese School decide to go to Ridley (the safe zone).

]]> Hiratsuka, Frank: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Community activities]]> Festivals, celebrations, and holidays]]> Education]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Identity and values--Parents]]> Yaguchi, Kenji: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]>
When Pearl Harbor was attacked, James was a sophomore in high school. He recalls evacuation and going to the Portland Stockyards. Later the family volunteers to work on a farm in Nyssa, OR, pulling sugar beets.

In Nyssa, James was on a boxing team in high school, and he also played baseball. James's boxing class was 120, and his record was five draws and five wins (within two years).

The Farming Servicing Administration (FSA) ran the tent camp in Nyssa. James recalls the housing was awful. However, his mother took the responsibility of cooking the meals and making the tent space livable for the family. The Fujii family lived at the tent camp for two years, and James recalled the winter months being cold.

At Nyssa, there were many people from Troutdale and Gresham area. Ten miles away from Nyssa, there was a CCC camp. The families from Nyssa were supposed to move there in the third year. However, the war ended. The CCC camp was an upgrade from Nyssa's tent camp.

While the Fujii family was at Nyssa, James' brother, Kazuo, went into service and visited the family on furlough. James recalls that wartime changed Kazuo's personality.

]]> Fujii, James: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
When Fort Snelling disbanded, the soldiers transfer to Presidio, Monterey. At Presidio, Ray remains with F Company and has the same duties at Fort Snelling. On some occasions, he visits San Francisco.

The war ends, and Ray discusses his thought on the atomic bomb dropping in Japan. After being discharged from the Army, Ray does not reenlist.

Post-war, Ray becomes an independent farmer with his brother, Tan. Also, Ray marries Mary Muramatsu and has three children. Ray describes photographs of his family and sports team. Ray values and appreciates his family and friends. He says he is grateful for the opportunity to make an oral history and share his war and camp experiences with future generations.
]]> Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
When evacuation orders are announced, Ray and his family go to the assembly center and then to Minidoka. Ray describes the living conditions and job opportunities.

In camp, Ray plays baseball and makes several friends. Ray values the friendships he developed and maintains in contact with his friends. Ray recalls the loyalty questionnaire and says he is proud to be an American.

When Ray is drafted into the Army, he goes to Camp Hood and then to Fort Snelling. On furlough, he experiences discrimination and shares his feelings of being called a "Jap."

Post-war, Ray and his brother go into farming. Ray says Bob Wilson, Don Schneider, and Carl Graff are influential to his success in the farming industry. In 1990, Ray retired from farming and started herb gardening with his wife and son until 2000.
]]> Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Ray emphasizes the value of family and friendship. He says relationships are important to him. During his school years, he recalls influential teachers and friends that impacted his life.

When Ray is in the seventh grade, he travels to Japan with his mother to visit his ill grandmother. Ray is gone for several months. However, he can catch up with his school assignments. Besides primary school, Ray attends Japanese Language School.

Ray recalls December 7 and going to the assembly center. Ray's family tries to stay together as long as they can. However, they go their separate ways. Ray is drafted and goes to Camp Hood and Fort Snelling. ]]> Shiiki, Ray: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Child rearing]]> Identity and values--Issei]]> Community activities]]> Azumano, George: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008-09-09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Japan--During World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kawamoto, Frank Minoru: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 June 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tokyo, Japan ]]>
On the day of the evacuation, the Japanese American families living in Irvington met at the school ground and went to Tanforan on the Greyhound bus. Minoru describes the living conditions in the horse stables and assembling their straw mattress.

Minoru and his family left Tanforan after a few months, and they were sent to Topaz, Utah, by train. Arriving at Topaz, there were barbed wires and guard towers at Topaz. Minoru describes the living conditions and life in the camp. Besides attending classes, Minoru worked clearing the sagebrush.

In Topaz, a loyalty questionnaire was given to all the internees. Minoru's father did not answer questions 27 and 28 and was sent to Tule Lake. Minoru went to Tule Lake to visit his father, but he left for farming in Idaho with George and Harry. After Minoru was reclassified 1A, he was drafted into the Military. Minoru remembered leaving Topaz at night to Fort Douglas due to the Kibeis.

At Fort Douglas, Minoru took his physical exam and requested to join the Air Force. Minoru was declined for the Air Force but was accepted for the Military. Later Minoru went to Camp Shelby and was shocked by how different it is from California. After weeks of training, Minoru picked up the Hawaiian language.

Post-war, Minoru revisited Topaz, Utah, and saw a plaque with the names who served in the Military. However, many names were missing including Minoru and his brothers. There was a petition to add the missing names.





]]> Miyasaki, Minoru: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
In grammar school in Salinas, CA, Robert's first-grade teacher could not pronounce his Japanese name. Therefore, she gives him the name Robert. In school, Robert excels in his studies and plays sports. He says his teachers are his mentors and teach him many things. In addition to attending primary school, Robert attends Japanese Language School.

Before moving to Watsonville, CA, his family lives in Tulare and Speckles. Robert describes his childhood homes in the farming community. Robert spends his free time going to church, watching movies, playing marbles, or playing with his dog. ]]> Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Dan recalls his childhood and youth working on the farm. There is no time for vacations. During the Great Depression, life is a struggle but Dan's family survives the difficult time.

In the Uchimoto family, there are four children including Dan. Dan is the oldest child. He remembers his two sisters' reaction when he receives his draft notice for the Army. Dan's brother also has a military career but during Occupation forces in Germany.

Dan discusses his school years and discrimination. After graduating high school, he works on the farm to save money to enroll in college. Dan attends the University of California, Berkley.

Dan enjoys stamp collecting, vintage cars, and reading. Dan practices Japanese teaching called Seicho-no-le. He finds this Seicho-no-le helpful and insightful.]]> Uchimoto, Dan: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
After the Pearl Harbor attack, there are some restrictions in place. One of them being curfew time. Leo's basketball coach has to get a permit for Leo to be out past curfew to participate in the basketball game. Later, President Truman signs Executive Order 9066 placing thousands of Japanese Americans into camp. Leo discusses the effects of EO9066 and his family in Salinas, California. Leo's family farm also is searched by the FBI.

Before volunteering for service, Leo attends Northern Montana College for a year. The Morishita family is proud of Kenzo, Leo, and Yukata for joining the Army. The Morishita brothers are inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah. Leo does don't leave at the same time with his brothers because of his feet. Leo joins Kenzo and Yutaka six weeks later at Camp Shelby.

At Camp Shelby, Leo does nine months of basic training, He describes the different training he learns and the discrimination in the South. Even though there is discrimination, there is one kind person Leo meets. He shares his story about Earl Finch and his acts of kindness towards the Nisei.

Overseas, Leo lands in Naples, Italy, and learns there is a need for riflemen. He is no longer a medic. Leo is given a browning automatic rifle.]]> Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Leo grows up on the farm with four siblings. In Idaho Falls, there is a Japanese School that Leo attends after primary school and on Saturdays. Besides school, Leo participates in sports. On Sundays, Leo would attend Mormon Church but later attends a Methodist Church.

At home, Leo speaks primarily Japanese. He enjoys listening to the radio, hunting, and fishing. On New Year, Leo's mother prepares a special meal and invites friends to their house.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, Leo recalls curfews and restrictions that are enforced. ]]> Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Raymond C. Wells is born May 5, 1922, in Eagle Colorado. Julian Minor Quayles, Jr is born January 15, 1917, in Staunton, Virginia. Both men serve in the 141st Infantry Battalion during World War Two.

Ray's and Julian's parents are hardworking to provide for the family. Ray's father works on the railroad. As a result, the Wells family moves around New Mexico. Julian's father retires when Julian is born and has many opportunities for bonding time.

Both men discuss their childhood and school years. In their informal years, they begin their military experiences. Ray joins the National Guards at the age of sixteen. Julian attends Augusta Military Academy at Fort Defiance.

Ray describes his National Guard training and active duty in 1940. He recalls December 7, and Rapido River. ]]> Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Raymond C. Wells is born May 5, 1922, in Eagle Colorado. Julian Minor Quayles, Jr is born January 15, 1917, in Staunton, Virginia. Both men serve in the 141st Infantry Battalion during World War Two.

Ray's and Julian's parents are hardworking to provide for the family. Ray's father works on the railroad. As a result, the Wells family moves around New Mexico. Julian's father retires when Julian is born and has many opportunities for bonding time.

Both men discuss their childhood and school years. In their informal years, they begin their military experiences. Ray joins the National Guards at the age of sixteen. Julian attends Augusta Military Academy at Fort Defiance.

Ray describes his National Guard training and active duty in 1940. He recalls December 7, and Rapido River. ]]> Quayles, Julian: narrator]]> Wells, Ray: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Iwataki, Kuwashi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Inouye, Masato: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Seichi describes growing up on a plantation in Molokai and being near a Leper Colony. Seichi attends Molokai Elementary School, Molokai Intermediate School, and Molokai High School. Throughout his school years, he participates in sports and the plantation league.

After graduating High School, he works on the plantation at the auto repair shop. He recalls December 7, and the restrictions that are in effect after the Pearl Harbor attack. Seichi volunteers for the military. When he passes his physical he is sent to Schofield barracks.

Seichi goes overseas to the Mainland for basic training at Camp Shelby. Seichi discusses his basic training experience and segregation in Mississippi. ]]> Sakaida, Seichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Matsumura, Fred: narrator]]> Amano, Iris: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Clarence Yayoi Tamayori is a Nisei veteran of K Company, 3rd Battalion 442nd, is born June 18, 1921, in Lahaina, Maui County, Hawaii. His parents are Matsuki Tamayori and Mitsuwa Shimabukuro. Clarence's parents are hard-working to provide for their thirteen children.

Besides attending primary school, Clarence also attends Japanese Language School. His childhood activities include sports and fishing. In the summertime, Clarence works on the pineapple plantation. He is closest to his brother Hiroshi.

Robert Tokuo Nagata, a Nisei veteran of M Company 442nd, is born March 23, 1922, in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents are both from Kumamoto, Japan. Robert's father is a salesman and there are eight children in the family.

Robert recalls attending primary school and going to Japanese Language School on the weekday and Saturday mornings. For entertainment, Robert plays sports and goes fishing. Growing up, the friend that influences him the most is Taiji Leung.
]]> Tamayori, Clarence: narrator
Nagata, Robert: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Clarence Yayoi Tamayori is a Nisei veteran of K Company, 3rd Battalion 442nd, is born June 18, 1921, in Lahaina, Maui County, Hawaii. His parents are Matsuki Tamayori and Mitsuwa Shimabukuro. Clarence's parents are hard-working to provide for their thirteen children.

Besides attending primary school, Clarence also attends Japanese Language School. His childhood activities include sports and fishing. In the summertime, Clarence works on the pineapple plantation. He is closest to his brother Hiroshi.

Robert Tokuo Nagata, a Nisei veteran of M Company 442nd, is born March 23, 1922, in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents are both from Kumamoto, Japan. Robert's father is a salesman and there are eight children in the family.

Robert recalls attending primary school and going to Japanese Language School on the weekday and Saturday mornings. For entertainment, Robert plays sports and goes fishing. Growing up, the friend that influences him the most is Taiji Leung.

]]> Nagata, Robert: narrator
Tamayori, Clarence: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Omoto, William: narrator]]> Yoneshige, David: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Community activities]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Tsuda, Tom: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]>
Lillian identifies with her Japanese heritage, but after the war, she realizes there is a need to emphasize being American. She recalls three individuals that show support to the Japanese American Community and her family.

Lillian and her family are sent to Puyallup and Minidoka. She describes the living conditions and life behind barb wires. At Minidoka, she meets John Matsudaira. John volunteers for service and leaves in June 1943. They stay in contact through correspondences.

Lillian leaves camp and goes to Ohio and Philadelphia to reunite with her sisters Fran and Ruby. ]]> Matsudaira, Lilian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Sato, William: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Growing up, Yoroku says all the kids, Japanese, Filipino and Portuguese played together. As a child, Yokoru enjoys watching movies and going to the Honganji for social gatherings. He is also part of the Boy Scouts.

Yoroku attends Puunene Grammer School and Japanese Language School. After Puunene Grammar School, he goes to Maui High School. In High School, he participates in seasonal sports.

In the summers, Yoroku works at the pineapple farm to earn money for his Boy Scout fee. After Yoroku graduates High School in 1940, he moves to O'ahu to work as a carpenter. He recalls seeing the Japan airplanes on December 7 and the following events after. Yoroku's loyalty to his family and country are the reasons for him to volunteer for the Army. ]]> Ito, Yoroku: narrator]]> Miyamoto, P: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Puyallup]]> Ota, Kenneth: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> Social activities]]> Ota, Kenneth: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]>
The late 1920s was the Great Depression, and everyone struggled to survive. Farmers were making about ten cents an hour. In the 1930s, the family moved to Perkins (east of Sacramento). Their family friend suggested to Skeets' father to venture into hops. However, that venture failed.

During Skeets' elementary school years, he attended Japanese Language School. When the family moved to Perkins, he attended Sacramento High School. He was active in sports and participated in a Nisei football league. In 1936, Skeets graduated high school and applied to Sacramento Junior College after a year of farming.

Living in Perkins, their farm was near a naval air forces base. Skeets recalls seeing the airplanes fly by and aspired to be an aviator and an officer of the United States Army. In early 1940, the United States was preparing for war. A civilian pilot program was offered at school, and Skeets was accepted into the program. After completing the first and second phases, he was waiting for the third phase, instrument flying and long distant country flying. However, Skeets did not complete his training because Skeets got drafted into the Army. On November 6, 1941, Skeets reported to Presidio Monterey for induction.
]]> Oji, Sukeo: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Granada (Amache) Amache, Colorado]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]>
]]> Masuoka, Frank: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 May 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California]]> Child rearing]]> Social activities--Sports]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Uratsu, Tetsushi Marvin: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-05-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California]]>
Thomas and his family live at Castle Estate Kindergarten, where his father works. His family maintains their Japanese values and morals at home. Besides attending primary school, Thomas attends the Japanese Language School. In his free time, his childhood activities include diving for squid, fishing, movies, and barefoot football.

After graduating high school, Thomas works at a few places before receiving his draft notice to join the Army. He describes Army life and the attack on Pearl Harbor. He also shares who are influential role models in his early upbringing. ]]> Wozumi, Thomas Ukichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
After the Assembly Center, James went to Tulare, Arizona. The camp was unfinished, and there were tranches. Moreover, at the far end of the camp, barracks were uncompleted. James lived in a barrack and described the living conditions and food.

At Tulare, James worked in the hospital as an orderly. His tasks ranged from carrying the deceased to the morgue, helping the nurses with physical duties, and whatever else needs to be done. Later, the camp had a camouflage project and James worked on that. Reflecting on camp life, James said it was somewhat like a vacation. He could do anything, spent time with friends, and there were dances on the weekends.

James recalls volunteers leaving camp for the Army. He said it was sad to see the volunteers leave because they were leaving behind family and loved ones. When news about the 100th and 442nd accomplishments in Cassino was in the newspaper, James was in Des Moines, ID, and he felt proud of the Niseis. James worked at Broadlawns General Hospital in Des Moines. Later James received a draft notice.

He went to several weeks of basic training before going to Camp Blanding. During basic training, the most significant thing James learned was endurance from marching. After completing basic training, James went to Minnesota by train. When James arrived at language school, there were about 1,000 men. There were different classes and duties to keep him busy. Although James went to Japanese Language School when he was younger, he had to train himself now to read, write, and speak Japanese. There was a test every weekend.
]]> Murata, James: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Growing up, James liked playing baseball. There was no radio at home to listen to the baseball games, but there was a phonograph. James' parents would listen to Japanese music, and James liked symphony music.

James' father had to relocate for work a few times before settling in Santa Moreno Valley. Growing up in Santa Moreno Valley, James had many friends at school.

Besides primary school, James attends Japanese Language School to please his parents. The Japanese Language teachers tried to teach the students how to read and write. However, the teachers were not strict. As he got older, James saw himself more as a Japanese American with western traditions due to the environment he grew up in.

James did not feel conflicted between Japanese culture and Western culture. He accepted what the teachers taught him at Japanese Language School. In primary school, he focused on his classwork. At home, his Issei parents taught him Japanese values and obligations. In school, James participated in tennis and football.

On Sundays, James’ family attended Buddhist church. Religion was a big part of his parents’ life. In James' spare time, he would watch feature filmed movies and Japanese movies.
]]> Murata, James: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Charley has seven siblings. He describes life going up on a plantation. When Pearl Harbor is bombed, he discusses the restrictions and rations that occur. After high school, Charley volunteers for the 442nd and enlisted at Schofield Barracks. His three other brothers also join the service later. ]]> Ijima, Charles Toyoji: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Frank discusses his school years. In Vacaville, he attended primary school and Japanese Language School. Later, when the family moved to Cordelia, he went to a small grammar school and attended Sunday school at a Lutheran Church. After five years, Frank's family moved to San Jose. When Frank went overseas during wartime, he missed the valleys of San Jose the most. The valley was the most beautiful when the flowers were blooming.

In high school, Frank enrolled at a Prep Ministry school in Oakland. He graduated high school in 1936. Being the oldest son, Frank had responsibilities to the family. Therefore, he worked on the strawberry farm to help his parents. Later, Frank's family moved to Santa Clara and rented an area for farming.

In 1941, Frank moved to Los Angeles to help his half-brother in the trucking business. He recalls hearing the news about Pearl Harbor and shares his reaction to the event.

After President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, there were restrictions for the Japanese Americans. Frank's first reaction to Executive Order 9066 was the government could not do this to American citizens. He could only comply with the government orders because his parents taught him to respect authority.

Frank evacuated to Santa Anita Assembly Center with the Japanese Americans from Mountain View Palo Alto and later to Heart Mountain. Frank only took what he could carry to camp. ]]> Shimada, Sumio Frank: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Identity and values]]>
Growing up, Morimoto has household chores. He would walk every morning to go buy wood to heat up the water for bathing and cooking. In the kitchen there is only a stove. There is no refrigerator or electric water heater. Morimoto recalls having a wooden box and a block of ice that would act like a fridge. His family does not have a fridge until after the war.

Morimoto as a child enjoys outdoor activities. He plays sport with his friends and using everyday items to use as sport equipment. For football, the league is sponsor by the County Recreation. Morimoto would play barefoot and use the skin of big grapefruits as shoulder pads. For baseball, he uses an old kendo mask for the catchers' position and tennis balls because they are lighter in weight. The sport Morimoto enjoys the most is watching sumo matches. In high school, Morimoto hobby is photography but does not pursue his interest. One regret he has is not taking photos of his childhood neighborhood because it is destroyed by a tidal wave.

Morimoto recalls given the nickname Jonah by his brother and people refer him as Jonah rather than calling him by his Japanese name. When asked what culture Morimoto identities with more, American or Japanese, Morimoto says Japanese. ]]> Morimoto, Kiyoji: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]>
At home, Hitoshi's Issei parents teach him and his siblings Shushin - Japanese morals and values. For example, honor the family, study hard, persevere, and Ganbare. Besides attending primary school, Hitoshi attends Japanese Language School and kendo. At home, Hitoshi speaks Japanese.

Growing up in Pasadena, Hitoshi attends the Pasadena Unified School District throughout his school years. The school district is a cosmopolitan demographic with diversity. As a child, Hitoshi feels everyone is the same despite coming from different ancestry. After graduating High School, Hitoshi works part-time to pay for his tuition at the University of Southern California.

He recalls his childhood friends and their Military service during World War Two.

]]> Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]>
When the Minamide family returns to Los Angeles, Minamide's Father goes to University State of California when the farming business goes well. He receives a diploma in Business Administration. Growing up Minamide goes to Japanese school after English school. On the weekends he would help on the farm and goes to church on Sunday. He recalls his upbringing and sports played in High School.





]]> Minamide, Akira: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Eddy and his family return to the Imperial Valley after Japan. Eddy says he feels like a foreigner coming back to the United States even though he is a loyal American citizen. Living in Hiroshima, Japan, for three years, Eddy picks up the Hiroshima dialect. As a result, he has a hard time communicating with his peers.

In 1939, the Kurushima family moved to Fresno, CA, and attended Washington Union High School. At school, Eddy did not feel accepted by the other Nisei. Eddy mentions, his son experiences the same intercultural prejudices with his peers. In 1942 Eddy and his family were evacuated to camp.

After World War Two, Eddy goes to the Occupation of Japan in 1946. He recalls visiting his relatives and feeling empathy for them. Eddy describes Hiroshima before and after the atomic bombing. ]]> Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Masato Mauch Yamashita is born on December 27, 1924, in Lodi, CA. Lloyd Katsuto Fujitani is born January 1, 1917, in Lodi, CA. Both Masato and Lloyd are with 442nd Company I. Masato, and Lloyd's parents are from Japan.

Masato and Lloyd's parents are hard-working and care for the family. They both grow up in farming communities. Masato lives in Lodi, CA and Lloyd lives in Acampo, CA. They live 20 minutes away from each other.

Although Masato is an only child, his cousins live nearby, and he has neighborhood friends to play with him. Lloyd is the oldest child in his family, and he has one brother and a sister. Growing up, Masato and Lloyd do not experience discrimination. However, when the war starts, Masato experiences racism.

At home, Masato speaks Japanese, and his parents instilled in him to be hard-working and honest. Lloyd's parents teach him to be hard-working, honest, and Christianity. Masato and Lloyd recall their school years. They both love sports. Masato plays baseball, and Lloyd plays football.

On New Year, Masato and Lloyd's family go to each other's homes to eat. Masato and Lloyd say their mother cooks very well. On occasions, Masato goes to watch movies. He recalls some of his favorite cowboy actors. ]]> Yamashita, Masato: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Life for George changed on December 7, 1941. George recalls learning about the Pearl Harbor attack and described Japan's attempt to attack the oil refinery. At school, George remembered digging trenches and carrying a gas mask every day even to graduation. After Pearl Harbor, George feared what would happen to the Japanese American community.

When George graduated high school, he attended the University of Hawaii and worked for a pineapple cannery. At the University of Hawaii, the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) recruited George. On January 3, George was sworn in for service and went to a replacement depo outside Schofield. George left Hawaii for the first time to go to the mainland for training.

At the CIC School in Maryland (Camp Ritchie). George learned FBI work. Later, George went to Fort Meade, Maryland, and took furlough. George received news the war ended and was shipped out immediately to Camp Stonemann Pittsburg to go overseas.
]]> Matsunaga, George: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Fukunaga, Harold: narrator]]> Hashimoto, Leiton: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment]]> Hisatomi, Kune: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Hisatomi, Kune: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 200 January 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Nakahara, Toshio: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 October 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Military service--Pre-World War II service]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Mori, Lawrence: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 August 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]>
In Portland there are two Japanese Communities, North and South. Hara recalls going to Japanese School and joining many Nisei social activities which includes Boy Scouts, Basketball, and Judo.
]]> Hara, George: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 July 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Kinoshita, Yoshio: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-07-13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Namba, Kennie: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 July 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Saiki, Teddy: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer: ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 May 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Casualties]]> Matsumoto, Willard: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 March 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Education]]>
]]> Tomita, Frank: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Child rearing]]> Takusagawa, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> World War II--Japanese American Citizens League]]> World War II--Military service--Counter Intelligence Corps Linguists]]> Kasai, Mitsugi: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russel: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005-09-17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Social activities--Sports]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Kasai, Mitsugi: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russel: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005-09-17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Susumu discusses his childhood and home life. At home, they speak Japanese and Susumu attends Japanese Language School. Around the age of eleven or twelve years old, he goes to Japan for several months to visit his Grandmother, who is ill. He describes the difference between Japan and Hawaii.

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Susumu recalls his father and Taru being sent to camp, and Richard is questioned by the FBI. Susumu himself is drafted into the Army. ]]> Sarae, Susumu: narrator]]> Tsukano, Lloyd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Turner, Albert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Hiroki, Howard: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Furuya, Henry: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Furuya, Henry: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Furuya, Henry: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Child rearing]]> Furuya, Henry: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> Kajiwara, Kent: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Robinson, Jr., James: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Matsukawa, Shigeru: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Social activities]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Misaka, Wataru: narrator]]> Graves, Tom: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Misaka, Wataru: narrator]]> Graves, Tom: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Misaka, Wataru: narrator]]> Graves, Tom: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Industry and employment]]> Fujiwara, Roy: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Germany]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> Unoura, Makoto: narrator]]> Estano, Mike: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Nagano, Joe: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education--Japanese language schools]]> Identity and values--Parents]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Onodera, Ken: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Taketa, Shojiro: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Emeryville, California ]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Gustafson, Gerald: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 May 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> Furukawa, Sam: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 April 30]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Rancho Cordova, California ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kashiki, John: narrator]]> Tamaru, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Social activities]]> Ushijima, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Ushijima, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Education]]> Saiki, Charles: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Akama, Paul: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Social activities]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Hoashi, Seichi: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 17]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> Kikuchi, Isao: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values]]> Yano, Terou: narrator]]> Tamaru, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]> Education]]> Yano, Terou: narrator]]> Tamaru, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Yamane, Hajime: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 August 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> Education]]> Teramura, Yasu: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]>