Henry Gary Shiota discusses camp life and joins a club at school. He recalls sponsoring his first dance and not having a high attendance. Eventually, he discovers how to promote his club's events. Gary's club becomes the most successful at Rohwer, AK.

The living quarters in the camp have no privacy because the barracks are shared spaces. Gary learns to have selective hearing. He says selective hearing helps him later in life too. In contrast, Gary says there is a kinship between the Japanese Americans and the African Americans since they both face discrimination.

In 1943, everyone in the camp is given a loyalty questionnaire. Gary explains how the questions are answered and the reasons why. Some of his friends answer no-no and are transfer to Tule Lake. On his graduation day, Gary does not enjoy the festivities because his friends are at Tule Lake.
]]> Shiota, Henry Gary: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
During World War II, like some Japanese American soldiers, Willie faces struggles with promotions within the military. The only option is to transfer to different units. At the time Battle of the Bulge starts, Willie is approved to transfer and joins 171st Infantry Separate.

Willie discusses his duties and departments within the military. He works in the personnel department and post-war in supplies. After the war, Willie stays with the military. His decision is based on the way he is treated as an equal by his colleagues. Although there are some racist individuals, there are more people who see past his ethnicity.

During Occupation in Germany, Willie stays there from 1945 to 1953. He describes the effects of war on the cities and how the cities start to rebuilding economically. He also mentions the Hermann Goring and Rudolph Hess’s trial and the German gang Werewolves.

In 1946, Willie works in a supply depot in Munich. There are two supply depots. One is called Indiana Supply Depot (food) and the other is called Alabama Supply Deport (clothing). When troop's dependents came over to Germany, the BMW factory becomes furniture storage for dependents. As the economy starts thriving, the BMW asked for their factory back to build cars. Besides working in the military, Willie finds himself lucky in love and marries a German woman. They have been married for 53 years.]]> Tanamachi, Willie: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer
]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006-05-19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Race--Post-war treatment]]> Identity and values--Children]]> Fujii, Kazuo: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001-07-14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon]]> Industry and employment]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Education--Higher education]]> Race--Post-war treatment]]> Race--Racism]]> Wakai, Theodore: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005-08-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Camarillo, California]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Race--Segregation]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Tamae, Seiki: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-11-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]>
When Pearl Harbor was attacked, James was a sophomore in high school. He recalls evacuation and going to the Portland Stockyards. Later the family volunteers to work on a farm in Nyssa, OR, pulling sugar beets.

In Nyssa, James was on a boxing team in high school, and he also played baseball. James's boxing class was 120, and his record was five draws and five wins (within two years).

The Farming Servicing Administration (FSA) ran the tent camp in Nyssa. James recalls the housing was awful. However, his mother took the responsibility of cooking the meals and making the tent space livable for the family. The Fujii family lived at the tent camp for two years, and James recalled the winter months being cold.

At Nyssa, there were many people from Troutdale and Gresham area. Ten miles away from Nyssa, there was a CCC camp. The families from Nyssa were supposed to move there in the third year. However, the war ended. The CCC camp was an upgrade from Nyssa's tent camp.

While the Fujii family was at Nyssa, James' brother, Kazuo, went into service and visited the family on furlough. James recalls that wartime changed Kazuo's personality.

]]> Fujii, James: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Tagami, John: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia ]]>
Kenichi is proud of his family, especially of his brother Kiyoshi. Kenichi says Kiyoshi is a true soldier. Anyone who knows Kiyoshi would say the same. He is an outstanding soldier who goes beyond the call of duty.

Kenichi recalls his family receiving a letter that Kiyoshi's Department of the Army Civilian Award (DAC) is upgraded to the Medal of Honor. The whole Muranaga family travels to Washington DC for the ceremony.

On the day of the ceremony, there are at least 20 recipients of the Medal of Honor. Kenichi discusses the contribution of the Nisei legacy and what it means to be in a segregated unit.

Although the government gives reparations, Kenichi shares his sentiments on the issue.

]]> Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Kenichi has the utmost respect and appreciation for his father. He says his father is hardworking to provide for the family. Kenichi comes from a family of nine siblings. Kenichi discusses his childhood and his school years in Gardena.

Life changes for Kenichi and his family Kenichi after the Pearl Harbor attack. He recalls the aftermath and the announcement of Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). The Muranaga family evacuates to Santa Anita Assembly Center and then Amache, CO.

Kenichi leaves camp to work at a few jobs before getting drafted into the Army. When Kenichi is in basic training, he receives news of his oldest brother, Kiyoshi's death overseas. ]]> Muranaga, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Minoru and his siblings helped their father on the farm before and after school. Minoru attended Warm Springs Grammar School and then Washington High School. In addition to attending primary school, he attended Japanese Language School.

When the Miyasaki family was not farming, they would travel around the Bay Area to visit relatives, do Japanese grocery shopping, celebrate festivals, and saw Japanese films.

On December 7, Minoru was at home when he heard the news about Pearl Harbor on the radio. The following day at school, all the Japanese American students were sent home from school and were told to stay home until the war ended. Later, the government issued restrictions such as blackouts, curfew, and travel restrictions.

In pre-war times, Minoru recalled discrimination. His father could not vote and own land. Also, Asians were not allowed to swim in public swimming pools or live in certain neighborhoods. After the Pearl Harbor attack, Minoru and his family evacuated to Tanofran and Topaz, Utah. Minoru graduated High school in Topaz.]]> Miyasaki, Minoru: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Later, Ko's father goes to Japan to get married and returns to the United States. Ko recalls his childhood in Los Angeles, CA. Ko's home life is minimalistic and his parent works hard to provide for their three children (Ko, Chiko, and Akira). Ko describes his father as the disciplinarian and his mother as nurturing. They are very proud of their children.

The success of Sameshima's produce market allows the family to travel to Japan during the Great Depression. For six months the Sameshima family live in Japan. Ko shares his experience of attending a Japanese School.

After returning from Japan, Ko's parents restart their produce market. Ko describes the Crenshaw district during that period. ]]> Sameshima, Ko Stanley: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
After the Pearl Harbor attack, there are some restrictions in place. One of them being curfew time. Leo's basketball coach has to get a permit for Leo to be out past curfew to participate in the basketball game. Later, President Truman signs Executive Order 9066 placing thousands of Japanese Americans into camp. Leo discusses the effects of EO9066 and his family in Salinas, California. Leo's family farm also is searched by the FBI.

Before volunteering for service, Leo attends Northern Montana College for a year. The Morishita family is proud of Kenzo, Leo, and Yukata for joining the Army. The Morishita brothers are inducted at Fort Douglas, Utah. Leo does don't leave at the same time with his brothers because of his feet. Leo joins Kenzo and Yutaka six weeks later at Camp Shelby.

At Camp Shelby, Leo does nine months of basic training, He describes the different training he learns and the discrimination in the South. Even though there is discrimination, there is one kind person Leo meets. He shares his story about Earl Finch and his acts of kindness towards the Nisei.

Overseas, Leo lands in Naples, Italy, and learns there is a need for riflemen. He is no longer a medic. Leo is given a browning automatic rifle.]]> Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Leo grows up on the farm with four siblings. In Idaho Falls, there is a Japanese School that Leo attends after primary school and on Saturdays. Besides school, Leo participates in sports. On Sundays, Leo would attend Mormon Church but later attends a Methodist Church.

At home, Leo speaks primarily Japanese. He enjoys listening to the radio, hunting, and fishing. On New Year, Leo's mother prepares a special meal and invites friends to their house.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, Leo recalls curfews and restrictions that are enforced. ]]> Morishita, Leo: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
On a lighter side, Shigeo shares a funny story about the Mess Hall in Marseilles, France. Besides Shigeo serving in the army, his three other brothers have a military career as well. Shigeo's Issei father is very proud of his sons for serving their country.

While overseas, Shigeo says there is a Black Market. He says some hot items go for high prices. As a result, the Army passes a ruling that you can exchange items only 10 percent above your Army pay.

On December 18, 1945, Shigeo is discharged in Oahu, Hawaii, and returns home to Maui. Shigeo is not able to find a good job and reenlist in the Army. He is deployed to the Korean War and is a Battalion Mechanic.

After being discharged from the Korean War, Shigeo is highly decorated with serval awards and medals such as two combat badges, two good conduct medals, and one Bronze Star.

Post-war, Shigeo goes to National School in Los Angeles, California for a year. Eventually, Shigeo gets a position at Northrop Grumman and is promoted several times before retiring. ]]> Iwamasa, Shigeo: narrator]]> Leivich, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
After Frank's service in the Army 442nd Regimental Combat Team, K Company, He moves to Chicago to be near his sister and school. Frank gets married to Yuri L. Satow Matsuda. They have three children and three grandchildren. Eventually Frank moves back to Seattle because his father is ill.

Frank feels the situation is improving for the next generations after the war. Frank is proud of his kids and grandchildren. He wishes they do their best, be happy and healthy. ]]> Matsuda, Frank Tadao: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Frank discusses the treatment of African Americans in Mississippi. Frank shares some experiences he sees in Hattiesburg regarding segregation. The people in Hattiesburg are indifferent to the Japanese Americans in the South.

At Camp Shelby, there are mainland and Hawaiian soldiers. Frank addresses the division between the mainlanders and Hawaiian. There are talks of disbandment of the Japanese American unit and Frank explains how the issue is resolved.

Frank goes overseas to Europe. His first artillery fire happens north of Rome and he sees a dead body for the first time. This is a moment he cannot forget. The day after the Last Battalion, Frank encounters a mortar barrage (Vosges Mountain) and is hit in four places on his body. James Okubo (medic) helps him, and Frank wakes up in the hospital.

After being wounded, Frank is on limited service and works in the mortar pool unit. Frank hears the 442nd is going back to Italy and asks his Captain if he can go back with the outfit. Frank receives approval and is assigned back to K Company.

Frank did not interact with civilians much because he is in battle. Frank recalls the civilians knowing the war is over before he did. Frank returns to the United States after a month or two when the war ends. He is discharged at Fort Douglas, Utah, and goes back to Seattle, Washington. Shortly after, Frank goes to live in Chicago with his sister. Post-war, Frank gets married and has children.
]]> Matsuda, Frank Tadao: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Frank grows up during the Great Depression. Although money is hard to earn during the Great Depression, Frank's father buys a house for around $2,000. Asians could not own homes or property because of the Alien Land Law. After camp, Frank's sister's name is on the deed because she is an American citizen.

The Matsuda family lives in the community of Ballard in Seattle. The demographic is predominately Scandinavian. Frank remembers there are four Japanese American families plus them. Frank has many friends on 69th Street.

Frank recalls December 7 and the evacuation orders, Executive Order 9066 (EO9066). He says the Japanese Americans becomes the most hated people after Pearl Harbor. The Matsuda family goes to Puyallup and Minidoka. He describes the living conditions and provisions in camp.

Frank did not stay at Minidoka for long. He takes the opportunity to work on a sugar beet farm in Idaho. Later he goes to Salt Lake City to work at a meatpacking company and restaurant. ]]> Matsuda, Frank Tadao: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Race--Racism]]> Oda, Mary: narrator]]> Sato-Yamazaki, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 September 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Lillian's father is Tsuyoshi Inouye, and her mother is Yayoi Inouye. They have six children in the family. Lillian grows up in a neighborhood that is primarily Japanese American and Chinese. Although Lillian's family is more westernized, she recalls some Japanese traditions practiced during New Year.

Lillian's husband is John Takehisa Matsudaira. He is born November 26, 1922, in Seattle, Washington. John's father is Tokohisa Matsudaira, and his mother is Hatori Umeda Matsudaira. John's parents are from Kanazawa, Japan. They have fourteen children. John is the oldest child in the family, and there is about a 20 year age gap between the siblings.

After school, Lillian helps out at the family restaurant. She rarely has free time. Lillian also attends Japanese School for six years. The neighborhood children are her friends.

John is a loner during his school years. He has many interests and enjoys reading books. John lived in Japan for about five years and started his artwork in Japan. He returns to the United States when he is 12 years old.

Lillian recalls December 7 and evacuation. She describes the atmosphere and preparations made for camp.]]> Matsudaira, Lilian: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Tadayoshi recalls what San Francisco is like in the 1900s with coal stoves, gaslight street lights, and empty lots to play in. He grows up during the Great Depression era and is grateful for always having food to eat.

Growing up in a bilingual and bicultural family is difficult at times. Tadayoshi speaks Japanese and learns Japanese traditions at home. When interfacing with the public, Tadayoshi speaks English. He has several good friends and describes their childhood activities. Tadayoshi also remembers seeing the development of the Golden Gate Bridge.

After graduating from High School, he attends Berkeley University of California. Tadayoshi recalls December 7 and the events following after. ]]> Sugiyama, Tadayoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Shigeru's family is in Amache, CO, while he is in the Army. He discusses that his father losses the nursery business due to evacuation. When he returns to the United States, Shigeru uses his furlough to visit his family in Amache.

Shigeru's homecoming is not what he expected. He explains the treatment towards Japanese Americans is different on the West Coast versus the East Coast. After being discharged from the Army, Shigeru looks for employment with his oldest brother. They buy a nursery on Florence Avenue in Los Angeles, CA.
]]> Iba, Shigeru: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Although William's unit is not assigned to the Lost Battalion rescue, he discusses the events and gives credit to his unit for helping to get the Germans out of the Vosges area.

After leaving Southern France, William returns to Italy for the last push at the Gothic Line. He remembers moving fast through the towns. The Rifle Company and William's company are both facing casualties. William's company loses serval men plus their Company Commander. The replacement Company Commander is Nishimura.

William discusses the German surrendering and the end of the war. He leaves Italy in November and returns to California to Camp Beale. From there, he goes on a boat to Hawaii and is discharged from the Army in December.

Post-war, William furthers his education at the University of Hawaii and works for the Water Department for 17 years. He gets married and has four children and six grandchildren.

Furthermore, William talks about the importance of character building, his Issei uncle, and Shiego Joseph Takata. Despite the racial prejudices, the Nisei veterans persevered and showed oyakoukou - bringing honor to their parents and their county.
]]> Thompson, William Yoshito: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
There are approximately 10,000 Nisei who volunteers for the 442nd. Williams explains the relationship between Mainland soldiers and the Hawaiian soldiers. William says some factors for the misunderstandings are due to the different cultural up brings, and he provides some examples. Eventually, the animosity between Mainlanders and Hawaiian guys subsides, and they get along.

When William gets weekend passes, he enjoys eating steak and watching movies. Being from Hawaii, William has not experienced or seen discrimination until he goes to the South. He describes segregation and experiencing discrimination at the movie theater.

In May 1944, William ships out of Camp Shelby to go overseas on the Liberty ship. William's older brother volunteers and ships out December 1944 for the Anzio Campaign. His other brother is with the 442nd 522nd Field Artillery Battalion and ships out the same time as William.

Overseas, William's company lands in Naples. He recalls his first battle, the Little Battle (Little Cassino Battle) and the Arno Campaign. William's outfit faces artillery fire when carrying supplies to the front line and bringing the wounded soldiers back for treatment. William's specific task is picking up the injured soldiers. After the Arno Campaign, they go to France and land in Marseille.]]> Thompson, William Yoshito: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Overseas, Thomas's duties include being a driver for high ranking officers and a messenger. He shares a story about good and bad leadership and the effects they have. Thomas speaks highly of Tech. Sgt. Yeiki Kobashigawa and Staff Sgt. Allan M. Ohata.

Before being drafted into the Army, Thomas gets married to Frances Fusako Masumoto in 1940, and they have a daughter. ]]> Wozumi, Thomas Ukichi: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
The 232nd demographic is composed of Nisei from the Hawaii National Guard roster, transfer soldiers from the mainland, and 442nd. Charley shares stories from the Gothic Line and the rescue of the Lost Battalion in France.

Although Charley is in the 232nd Engineering Company, he says it is rare for an engineer to encounter combat. He recalls two separate incidents when he faces German soldiers in Italy doing reconnaissance work. ]]> Ijima, Charles Toyoji: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Don receives an opportunity to go to Idaho to work on a sugar beet farm and eventually moves to Detriot, Michigan, for employment. In 1944, Don is drafted and goes to Fort Sharedon in Flordia to be inducted into the Army. Then he goes to basic training at Camp Blanding for 17 weeks.

In this interview, Don shares he has two high school diplomas. One from 1942 and 2014. ]]> Miyada, Don: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
A memorable moment in Japan for Hitoshi is the accomplishment of climbing Mount Fuji. He describes his journey up the mountain and seeing the sunrise.

Hitoshi returns to the United States after being in Japan for several years. He and his wife travel on an Army transport ship for thirteen days until to arrive in Seattle, WA.

Hitoshi and his wife go to Altadena, CA, where his sister lives. Hitoshi takes a civil service exam for a store helper and passes the exam. He feels it will be hard to make a living with this job. Therefore, he decides to return to school at USC in the evenings. At work, Hitoshi takes promotional exams and passes. Hitoshi ends up staying with the County of Los Angeles for 38 years and receives many promotions. He retires in 1983 from the standardization department as Supervisor Deputy.

Hitoshi's wife speaks little English, and he helps his wife, Utako, get a domestic job to immerse her in the English language. Utako works for McDonald Home in Altadena, and everyone loves her. Hitoshi and his wife have a daughter, Linda.

Hitoshi's message to future generations is to live a good life. Be kind to others and show compassion. Be honest with yourself. Be worthy of what you are doing and take responsibility as you should. Hitoshi reflects on his friend, Joe Hayashi. Post-war, Hitoshi stays active in the community and gives his time helping with others. ]]> Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Industry and employment--Trades work]]> Identity and values--Family]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> Yoshihashi, Tokuji: narrator]]> Tagami, Steve: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 23 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Eddy's mother was concerned and wanted to remove any Japanese items from the house. Eddy helps his parents destroy Japanese belongings from their home. The following day after the Pearl Harbor attack, the FBI came to pick up Eddy's father. A few days later, Eddy's father returned home. Eddy experiences racism. Eddy's mother encourages him to continue going to school despite the negative experience.

When Eddy returns from Japan to the United States, he gradually starts to feel accepted. He did not have a connection with Japan, even though Japan was his ancestral home. Eddy recalls President Roosevelt's speech after Pearl Harbor. Eddy feels disbelief that the Japanese Americans are not considered citizens of the United States. Although Eddy's parents are not citizens of the United States, they acted like good citizens. Eddy's parents followed the law and are honest, hard-working people.

On evacuation day, the Kurushima family goes to Fresno Fair Grounds Relocation Center. They stay there for six months before going to Jerome, AR. Eddy describes the living conditions and the attitude of shikata ga nai. ]]> Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Eddy says he always looks forward to the holidays. Another pastime Eddy recalls was going for car rides with his family. Eddy's father loves cars.

Living in the Imperial Valley, the Kurushima family shops at the general store and get gas for their family car. Moreover, the Kurushima family goes to town occasionally on Friday nights to watch Japanese movies. Eddy's favorite movies are samurais. Another reason the Kurushima family goes to town is to buy Japanese food.

Eddy looks forwards to the family trips into town. He explains the difference in demographics in the downtown and uptown area. Eddy interacts with other ethnicities at school, but in the country he socializes more with Asians. Eddy discusses the relationship between Salvadorians and Hispanics. Also, he recalls discrimination in elementary school.

Eddy does not share his discrimination with his parents because of "gaman." In Japanese, gaman means tolerance and perseverance. However, Eddy shares his experiences with his peers at school.

Eddy's love for art was encouraged not only by his mother but by Ms. Charles, his sixth-grade teacher. In grade school, Eddy already realized he wanted to be an artist. He discusses being Japanese American and being an artist.

In 1933, the Kurushima family went to Japan and stayed there for several years. Eddies show his drawing of himself with his siblings. Eddy feels he is not accepted in Japan or the United States because he is a foreigner in both countries.
]]> Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Social activities]]>
Okubo describes his living condition on the plantation and his childhood upbringing. He also recall racial prejudices living in Hawaii and sometimes uses Judo. ]]> Okubo, Don: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--American Japanese]]> Race--Military segregation]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--100th Infantry Battalion (Separate)]]> Ono, Tokuji: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 September 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
In 1938, Nob graduates high school. When his younger brother Ace graduates high school a few years later, Ace gives Nob a chance for higher education. However, the war starts.

On December 7, Nob hears the news about Pearl Harbor. Nob says the community of Bell treated his family well. They did not experience any discrimination. In May 1942, Nob and his family go to Manzanar.

At Manzanar, Nob works and plays baseball to pass the time. Later he leaves Manzanar briefly to work on a sugar beet farm in Montana. When he returns to Manzanar, he takes a Military Intelligence Service (MIS) exam and passes.

Nob and ten others from Manzanar go to Camp Savage for six months of training. Nob training focuses on conversational Japanese, Japanese military terms, and kanji. After training, Nob goes overseas to New Guinea.

Nob discusses discrimination in the military and the lack of promotions with Japanese Americans. He recalls Ensign Sherman, an advocate for the MIS. Moreover, Nob describes his experiences with Prisoners of War (POWs) in New Guinea and Luzon, and the Philippines.





]]> Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Minidoka]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Hara, George: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 July 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Awards, medals]]> Namba, Kennie: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 July 13 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Namba, Kennie: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 July 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Fujimoto, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 April 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Race--Race relations]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Manzanar]]> World War II--Military service]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Responses of non-Japanese Americans]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> Furuto, Minoru: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Education]]> Uriu, Masashi: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Toyota: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 November 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Kaneshige, Juno: narrator]]> Okitsu, Walter: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Industry and employment]]> Okada, Enro: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> Okada, Enro: narrator]]> Garvey, John: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 September 27 ]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Yukihiro, Tsutomu: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 July 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> Social activities]]> Yano, Terou: narrator]]> Tamaru, Stuart: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> Saito, Joe: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Nagaki, Joe: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 February 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Ontario, Oregon ]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> Japanese Americans--World War II]]> ]]> Shinmoto, Minoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 January 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Education--Primary education]]> Industry and employment]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Race--Race relations]]> Social activities--Sports]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--Military service]]> Honbo, Roy: narrator]]> Enomoto, Satomi: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 June 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Education]]> Child rearing]]> Industry and employment]]> Hashimoto, Makoto: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-04-29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Community activities--Associations and organizations]]> Child rearing]]> Identity and values]]> World War II--European Theater--Rhineland Campaign, Vosges--Bruyeres, Belmont, Biffontaine]]> Morimoto, Frank: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> Race--Segregation]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> Senzaki, Takashi: narrator]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Kuwabara, Henry: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999-11-14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Yamada, George: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 July 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Spokane, Washington ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> Kanda, Mamoru: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California ]]> Race--Racism]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Nakao, Kuni Pete: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999-11-13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]>
After maneuver training, Shigeru says the 442nd is organized with Mainland soldiers and Hawaiian soldiers. Shigeru discusses the relationships between the two groups and a boxing tournament at Camp Shelby.

Shigeru is assigned to the combat medic unit.

]]> Inouye, Shigeru: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]>
Shigeru recalls his school years at McKinley High School and the University of Hawaii. On November 14, 1941, Shigeru receives his draft notice. He discusses the events of Pearl Harbor and going to the Mainland to Camp McCoy.

At Camp McCoy, Shigeru goes through intense training and visits his brother in Chicago, IL, on his furloughs. ]]> Inouye, Shigeru: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Topaz (Central Utah)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Tanforan]]> Identity and values]]> Murakami, Fred: narrator]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Arlington, Virginia ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> Tsuneishi, Warren: narrator]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Virginia ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> Yokote, Shigeo: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 20]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Rancho Cordova, California ]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Education]]> Social activities]]> Inami, Joe: narrator]]> Yee, Govan: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 March 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fresno, California ]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Race--Race relations]]> World War II--Italy]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> World War II--Women]]> Social activities--Dating (social customs)]]> Endo, Giovanna: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 February 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Shintaku, Takeso: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Poston (Colorado River)]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Salinas]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Shintaku, Takeso: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 November 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Race--Discrimination]]> ]]> Iwasaki, Arthur: narrator]]> Fukumoto, Lynn: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 February 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> Social activities]]> Race--Discrimination]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Yamate, Kiyoto: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 January 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Sachio discusses the relationship between the Marines and the Japanese American interpreters. Sachio was proud of the accomplishments of the Niseis during World War Two. He gave examples of the Gothic Line and the 552nd for being the fastest artillery group in Europe. Although it was discriminatory to have a segregated group of Japanese American soldiers, Sachio said he felt safer.

When Sachio was at Enewetak, a medical officer told him about the GI Bill and provided him with information on how to go to medical school. Sachio applied to Tulane and the University of Michigan and was accepted to both colleges. When Sachio was discharged, he started his medical schooling at Tulane.

Being in Turlock and Gila River, Sachio lost parts of his life. When he graduated from medical school, he was ten years older than his classmates. Sachio felt it was an achievement to get into medical school. All the aspects of his life have fallen into place. After completing his residency in Iowa, he went to work in Omaha for three months and then to Los Angeles in 1960.

Sachio got married within a year of moving to Los Angeles and had two sons. Sachio's message for future generations is to persevere. In high school, Sachio had the goal to attend medical school. Despite World War Two and moving around, Sachio accomplished his dream.

At the end of the interview, Sachio narrates a few items from his collections.
]]> Takata, Sachio Jack: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Japan]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Hamashige, Kintaro: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 July 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> New York ]]> Industry and employment--Domestic Service]]> Race--Race relations]]> Journalism and media--Mass media]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> World War II--Social aspects--United States]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Saito, Munetatsu: narrator]]> Dojir;i, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 April 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Identity and values--Hanashi]]> Race--Stereotypes]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> Surh, Kim Ida: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-10-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Education--Church-run schools]]> Child rearing]]> Identity and values]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Industry and employment--Medicine]]> Surh, Kim Ida: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-10-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> Education--Primary education]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Child rearing]]> Industry and employment]]> Race--Racism]]> Surh, Kim Ida: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-10-26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> World War II--Economic losses]]> World War II--Loyalty Questionnaire]]> World War II--Military service--Recruiting and enlisting]]> Race--Segregation]]> Akagi, Nelson: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darryl: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003-08-16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> World War II--Medals]]> Military service--Veterans' organizations]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> Ichiyama, Edward: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-01-22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Post World War II--Travel, leisure]]> World War II--Military service--Embarkation]]> World War II--Concentration Camps--Germany]]> Ichiyama, Edward: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-01-22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Identity and values--Parents]]> Social activities]]> Industry and employment]]> Ichiyama, Edward: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-01-22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Furumoto, Howard: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998-07-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Furumoto, Howard: narrator]]> Yahata, Craig: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1998-07-06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>