On Gary's days off, he visits Tokyo and relatives who live in the suburbs. The benefits of being fluent in Japanese helps Gary communicate with the locals and become familiar with them. Gary enjoys sightseeing and eating the local food.

After a year in Tokyo, Gary returns to the United States. He decides to further his education and studies at International Trade in Chicago, IL. After finishing school, Gary wants to return to Asia. However, he meets his Issei wife and gets married in 1974. They have one daughter.

Gary moves to Sacramento and works for the University of California for 23 years before retiring. In Gary's retirement years, he is active with the Nisei Veterans Group. He goes to various schools to discuss his war and camp experiences.

Gary's message for future generations is not to be silent and stand up for what is right. Sus (Gary's friend) briefly discusses the Hanashi Oral History Foundation and its mission.
]]> Shiota, Henry Gary: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> Nakahara, Peter: narrator ]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 August 31]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> Yamamoto, Steve: narrator ]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher ]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 November 14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> Military service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands--Leyte Campaign]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Katayama, Jiro "Jerry": narrator
]]> Japanese American Service Committee: publisher]]> Japanese American Service Committee]]> 2008]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> Military service]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Industry and employment--Small business]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands--Leyte Campaign]]> Katayama, Jiro "Jerry": narrator
]]> Japanese Service Committee: publisher]]> Japanese Service Committee]]> 2008]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Chicago, Illinois ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Nisei soldiers]]> World War II--Propaganda--U.S. Government Propaganda]]> World War II--Refugees]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Japan--Military]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> Kunitomi, Yoshisuke Jack: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002-04-21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Allied Occupation of Japan--Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP)]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Fujimoto, Yoshito: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-06-27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Australia (Allied Translator and Interpreter Section)]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Fujimoto, Yoshito: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004-06-27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> West Covina, California]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Australia (Allied Translator and Interpreter Section)]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands--Leyte Campaign]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> World War II--Military intelligence]]> Abe, Victor: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999-11-14]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Los Angeles, California]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Japan--Okinawa Island]]> World War II--Military service--Discharge]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> Yanamura, Herbert: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Tanabe, James: interviewer]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii]]> 2009-11-02]]> eng]]> jpn]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Japan--Okinawa Island]]> World War II--Civilian relief]]> Tanaka, Shigenobu: narrator]]> Tanabe, James: interviewer]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii: publisher]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii]]> circa 2006]]> eng]]> cpe]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]>
When George landed in Japan, he described the destruction of the country. George saw the locals living in makeshift shacks and children asking for handouts. George was stationed in Yokohama and assigned to a labor pool group. His task was to assign local laborers to specific jobs. Besides working in Yokohama, George also worked in Kyoto for a month.

Before shipping home to the United States, George went with his cousin to visit his parents' siblings in Nagano for a few days. George returned home to his wife Esther and visited George Yamaguchi’s mother and sister in Chicago.

George felt there was some good from the occupation for Japan to rebuild. The Niseis were essential during the occupation of Japan because they knew the Japanese language and customs. The Niseis help build the bridge to communicate with the natives.
]]> Suzuki, George: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Law and legislation--Executive Order 9066]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Identity and values]]> Fujimoto, Fred: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 March 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Elk Grove, California ]]> Race--Discrimination]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Guadalcanal Campaign]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Ishikawa, Moffet: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 March 18]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Jose, California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Nishimura, William: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 November 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Nishimura, William: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 November 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Australia (Allied Translator and Interpreter Section)]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> Muranaka, Reynold: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 November 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Lakewood, Washington ]]> Social activities]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Minato, Howard: narrator]]> Shigemitsu, Laura: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 November 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> World War II--Medical and sanitary affairs]]> World War II--Military service--442nd Regimental Combat Team]]> World War II--European Theater]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Takehara, Kenneth: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 November 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Houston, Texas]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Nagano, Jack: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 January 29]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Ichikawa, Grant Hayao: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Gila River]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Ichikawa, Grant Hayao: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2008 April 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Fairfax, Virginia]]>
After Camp Savage, Robert returns to Camp Blanding for basic training. Robert recalls training on the rifle range and receives an expert rifleman badge. Basic training at Camp Blanding is two weeks. Robert recalls a fight between the Mainland soldiers and Hawaiian soldiers. Eventually, the relationship between the two becomes better.

Later, Robert goes to Leyte, Philippines. He gets his assignment and goes to the beach. Robert reports to the Prisoner of War Camp and interrogates the POWs. He also discusses his time in Korea.
]]> Sugimoto, Robert: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
After working in the censorship department, Ko works on a US Supervisor Training Manual. The manual becomes helpful to the Japanese in Japan during the time of the Korean War.

In October 1949, Ko decides to focus on his Aero Engineering degree and gets a position in the Air Force as a Supervisor Training Program.

In December 1976, Ko retires from the Air Force and works at the Ford Aero Space until 1987. Ko's previous connection during the occupation of Japan, helps him get a position at Nissan in Tennessee as a Facilitator Consultant.

Ko is married with three children and six grandchildren. For future generations, Ko's message is to learn about your heritage. Your family history is the most important knowledge. Moreover, Ko discusses the importance of the contributions of the 442nd, 100th, and Military Intelligence Service (MIS). ]]> Sameshima, Ko Stanley: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Kawamoto, Casey: narrator]]> Yuge, Tim: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-10-12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tiburon, California]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Education]]> Tsuneishi, Noel: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Tsuneishi, Noel: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Tsuneishi, Noel: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 February 22]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Australia (Allied Translator and Interpreter Section)]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Kubo, Harry: narrator]]> Dojiri, Michelle: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2003 January 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]>
Paul discusses what it means to be a Nisei soldier. Despite the Japanese Americans being classified as 4C, they wanted to serve their home country when they did not have to. The Nisei services show their bravery, loyalty, and patriotism than any other group.

The 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team is the most highly decorated unit with the medals and honors they receive. Paul explains why the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) worked as individuals. There are approximately 5,000 MIS men overseas. As a result, it is very hard for anyone to be recognized. Moreover, the MIS duties are confidential and not publicized. The Nisei soldiers are different types of soldiers and should be recognized. They help shorten the war.

In Washington DC, there is a recognition monument with Nisei soldiers' names engraved on it. In spite of being discriminated against, placed in camp, and not considered American citizens to serve, the Nisei became the best soldiers in the United States military. The Nisei soldiers should be remembered for their contributions.
]]> Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
After training, Paul goes overseas. In New Guinea, Paul and fifteen Nisei MP and set up a POW camp. His job is to interview the POWs. The next step for General MacArthur is to set up the next landing spot in the Philippines.

General MacArthur's next landing is Leyte Islands. Paul and the MP set up the POW camp for interrogation. Paul recalls the capture of a Japanese sergeant, and he gives the locations of the cannons fired at night. Besides the POWs intel, Paul's team gets the radio signal of the Japanese soldiers and hears their conversations. Paul recalls the Japanese Navy attack and saving the Japanese soldiers from the ship.

Later, Paul receives orders to go to Australia and join the Australian Army unit for translation. Paul and the Australian Army travel to Borneo because there are still many Japanese troops in that area. Paul remembers a case of interrogating a Japanese soldier in the hospital who is a Nisei drafted into the Japanese Army.

In Borneo, there are snipers, and Paul is assigned guards for protection. One of Paul's guards is shot by a sniper, and he tries to save him. Paul is awarded a medal from the Australian government. However, that medal is only awarded to Australian soldiers, and Paul returns the medal.

Paul stays in Borneo to assist with the surrendering ceremonies. After the surrender ceremonies, Paul goes to Manila, Philippines, but his unit leaves for Tokyo, Japan. Before going to Tokyo, Paul flies to Okinawa with other soldiers to help them with trade translations. In Tokyo, Paul learns he is promoted to second lieutenant if he serves during the occupation forces. However, Paul turns down his commission. Paul recalls visiting Kyoto to visit relatives.

]]> Bannai, Paul: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
At Gila River and overseas, Tadayoshi encounters different types of Japanese dialects. For example, at camp there is a mixture of city and country people with contrasting Japanese dialogue. Moreover, there is a perception that Japanese Americans do not speak Japanese. When Tadayoshi goes to Nikko, the locals are surprised to see a Japanese in an American uniform and speaking Japanese. The same thing happens when he visits his relatives in Shimizu on a ten-day furlough.

Overseas Tadayoshi is an interpreter with the War Crimes Investigation for two Captains who are lawyers. Despite working on war crime cases during occupations, Tadayoshi does not see any finalization of his investigations. A particular case his shares is Captain Kaneko.

The war impacts the lives of Japanese locals in many ways. Tadayoshi is surprised about the social responsibility in public and describes some situations he witnessed. Tadayoshi's mother says this is an effect of war. War changes people, and we should not judge people too harshly.

Tadayoshi's parents leave Gila River in 1945 and rebuild their lives. Post-war, Tadayoshi furthers his education and moves to Los Angeles. He has two daughters and two grandchildren. Tadayoshi reflects on the Nisei contribution and the legacy they worked for the next generations. ]]> Sugiyama, Tadayoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
In Japan, Tadayoshi Sugiyama is part of the War Crimes Investigation Unit as an interpreter. He investigates fallen aircraft and grave registration. He shares some of the cases he works on and interrogation technics he uses on Japanese locals.

Tadayoshi explains the contributions of the Nisei in the Army. In 1940 the Japanese Americans from San Francisco and Monterey train at Crissy Field for Military Intelligence Service. These men show the importance of Nisei. The majority of the men, in the beginning, are the 100th and Keibi Nisei. Tadayoshi talks about his contributions to the Military Intelligence Service (MIS).

Tadayoshi discusses the landscape of post-war Japan and money conversion to the Japanese yen. Tadayoshi would buys goods for black-marketing. Since Tadayoshi is on temporary duty, he does not get a paycheck. Black-marketing is a way for him to earn income.

Considering General MacArthur's edict, US occupation troops are not allowed to spend any money on Japanese establishments such as movie theaters and restaurants. Also, they are not allowed to eat native food. Post-war, there is not enough food in Japan. For food, they eat their rations.

Besides working, Tadayoshi goes on furlough to visit relatives, and he travels with his cousin around Japan. ]]> Sugiyama, Tadayoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Each person is only allowed to bring what they can carry. The designation of the camp is not announced to the evacuees. Therefore, you do not know if you are going somewhere hot or cold. Tadayoshi recalls going into their barracks for the first time.

The Sugiyama family is at Turlock from April to September and then travel by train to camp with the windows blackout. On the train, there are military personals (MP). They arrive at Casa Grande, but the camp is not fully built yet. Tadayoshi recalls helping with the construction.

Tadayoshi's Issei parents did not say much about the evacuation even though they have a hard time adjusting to camp. His father works at the mess hall as a cook, his older brother works at the hospital as a doctor, and Tadayoshi works as an x-ray technician. The Japanese Americans have to adjust to life at camp. There are dances, playing sports and Japanese shows. Tadayoshi says many of the Issei are very talented performing in the Japanese shows. He recalls in camp they are given a loyalty questionnaire and he discusses medical health care in camp.

Tadayoshi is about to enroll at the University of Minnesota and then receives a letter from the Army to join. Tadayoshi decides to go Camp Savage and see if he can join the Military Intelligence Service (MIS). He takes an exam and passes.

Tadayoshi discusses Army life and basic training. In July 1945, Tadayoshi goes overseas to the Philippines and Japan. Before going overseas, Tadayoshi gets married. ]]> Sugiyama, Tadayoshi: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Kaneshiro, Isamu Ralph: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2009 April 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Kaneshiro, Isamu Ralph: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2007-07-07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Sato, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> Identity and values]]> Sato, Kenichi: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 July 28]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Uratsu, Tetsushi Marvin: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2022-05-25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> San Fransisco, California ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Kaji, Bruce: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Identity and values]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Kitagawa, Ben: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
In the interrogation, there is only Hitoshi and the interviewee. He tries to make the interrogation informal for the interviewee to feel at ease. There are many POW camps in the Philippines, and Hitoshi is not able to visit them.

Hitoshi's first interview with the Prisoner of War (POW) is with a sailor. The sailor is about a year older than Hitoshi and did not want to talk. Therefore Hitoshi uses psychological warfare to try to interrogate the POW.

Hitoshi learns about psychological warfare at Fort Snelling. Hitoshi also takes psychology in college "shinri-gaku." In the interrogation with the Japanese sailor (POW), Hitoshi explains being a Japanese American in the US Army. However, it is difficult for the Japanese sailor to understand how Hitoshi can be Japanese with no Japanese ties. Hitoshi also shares his interrogation experience with a businessman (POW).

Hitoshi says the treatment of the POWs is good in the US POW Camp. Hitoshi recalls a War Crime interview with Major Phillips. They interviewed a sailor from a mini-submarine (from Pearl Harbor). The objective of the interview is to see if he experienced any mistreatment in the US POW Camp. The POW is happy the war is ended.





]]> Sameshima, Hitoshi: narrator]]> Sato, Christine: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
Eddy also goes to basic training for eight weeks. His learns infantry training and weapons training. The reality of war sets in when Eddy is under fire at training.

While in training, Eddy had opportunities to go on leave and visit his parents at Rohwer, AR. Eddy discusses the irony of being Japanese Americans in camp and being considered white on the East Coast.

After graduating from training, Eddy goes overseas to the Pacific and arrives in Manila. Eddy's first assignment was at Luzon POW Camp. Later Eddy was assigned to help a First Lieutenant to question POWs. Eddy describes the difference of being an interpreter in the Pacific versus being an interpreter for his father growing up.

Post-war, the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) does not have an organization for Eddy to join. Therefore, he joined the 442nd Nisei Veterans Organization. Even after the war, he finds himself still translating and interpreting for others.]]> Kurushima, Masato Eddy: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Hawaii]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Identity and values--Youth]]> Education]]> Kikuta, Norman: narrator]]> Tsukiyama, Ted: interviewer]]> Tanabe, James: interviewer]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii: publisher]]> Military Intelligence Service Veterans Club of Hawaii]]> 2002-08-08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> Yamada, Tsutomu: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Maui, Hawaii]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> Industry and employment]]> Military service--Veteran history]]> Aki, Patrick: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2011 February 25]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> Doi, Isao: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 19]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Seattle, Washington ]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service--Linguists]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Kozono, ArdAven: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 February 03]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>
Life for George changed on December 7, 1941. George recalls learning about the Pearl Harbor attack and described Japan's attempt to attack the oil refinery. At school, George remembered digging trenches and carrying a gas mask every day even to graduation. After Pearl Harbor, George feared what would happen to the Japanese American community.

When George graduated high school, he attended the University of Hawaii and worked for a pineapple cannery. At the University of Hawaii, the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) recruited George. On January 3, George was sworn in for service and went to a replacement depo outside Schofield. George left Hawaii for the first time to go to the mainland for training.

At the CIC School in Maryland (Camp Ritchie). George learned FBI work. Later, George went to Fort Meade, Maryland, and took furlough. George received news the war ended and was shipped out immediately to Camp Stonemann Pittsburg to go overseas.
]]> Matsunaga, George: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Ishimoto, Arthur: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 October 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Yokoyama, Masayoshi: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2002 January 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Honolulu, Hawaii]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Yuki, Harvard: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 November 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]>
Later Nob prepares for the invasion of Luzon, Philippines. The first target mission is to hit the American GI Prison Camp. In Luzon, there are Filipino guerrillas who have a different tactic with the POWs. Nob says it is difficult to interrogate POWs if they are wounded. It is better to treat the POWs with humanity for them to corporate. In Manila, Nob is hospitalized and meets Mrs. MacArthur.

After the Philippines, Nob goes to Korea. He serves with the Civil Government working on war crime trials. After his Korea Tour, Nob is discharged, January 3, 1946, at Camp McCoy. Post-war, Nob gets married to Dorthy, and they have four children and several grandchildren.
]]> Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]>
In 1938, Nob graduates high school. When his younger brother Ace graduates high school a few years later, Ace gives Nob a chance for higher education. However, the war starts.

On December 7, Nob hears the news about Pearl Harbor. Nob says the community of Bell treated his family well. They did not experience any discrimination. In May 1942, Nob and his family go to Manzanar.

At Manzanar, Nob works and plays baseball to pass the time. Later he leaves Manzanar briefly to work on a sugar beet farm in Montana. When he returns to Manzanar, he takes a Military Intelligence Service (MIS) exam and passes.

Nob and ten others from Manzanar go to Camp Savage for six months of training. Nob training focuses on conversational Japanese, Japanese military terms, and kanji. After training, Nob goes overseas to New Guinea.

Nob discusses discrimination in the military and the lack of promotions with Japanese Americans. He recalls Ensign Sherman, an advocate for the MIS. Moreover, Nob describes his experiences with Prisoners of War (POWs) in New Guinea and Luzon, and the Philippines.





]]> Yamashita, Nobuo: narrator]]> Tanaka, Diane: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Hara, George: narrator]]> Okinaka, Bobby: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 July 15]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Portland, Oregon ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Teragawa, Robert: narrator: Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 June 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps--Rohwer]]> World War II--Temporary Detention Facilities--Santa Anita]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> Teragawa, Robert: narrator: Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 June 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Yoshino, George: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2010 June 09]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Minnesota ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Kitajima, Fred: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 June 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Kitajima, Fred: narrator]]> Inouye, Jason: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2001 June 02]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Social activities]]> Ito, Paul: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 May 06]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Sacramento, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Hirano, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 May 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Education--Secondary education]]> Industry and employment--Agriculture]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Personal recollections]]> World War II--Pearl Harbor and aftermath--Responses of non-Japanese Americans]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Deportations]]> Fujimoto, Harley: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 April 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Tucson, Arizona ]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> Education]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Nakamura, Edward: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> eng]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Military service]]> Japan]]> Arakaki, Taro: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: inteviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Japan--Pre-World War II]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Arakaki, Taro: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: inteviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 October 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--American Concentration Camps]]> World War II--Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Japan--Military]]> World War II--Military service--Travel, leisure]]> Furukawa, Richard: narrator]]> Tanaka, Rodney: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 21]]> eng]]> West Covina, California ]]> Education--Higher education]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Travel]]> World War II--Military recruitment--Military Intelligence Service (MIS)]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> World War II--Women]]> Tsuji, Kiyoshi: narrator]]> Iketani, Todd: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 August 07]]> eng ]]> Oral Histories]]> California ]]>
At Fort Snelling, Sam recalls relying on himself to learn the material taught in training. When Sam's parents left Minidoka, he asked John Aiso for leave. Sam is approved to leave for a few hours for his family. If he missed classes, there was no option to repeat the course. Classes are five days a week, and there was time to attend church Sunday. For social activities, there were dances and movies.

With the training at Fort Snelling, Sam saw a progression in his Japanese language skills. He learns how to interrogate Prisoners of War (POWs). After graduating from training, Sam's graduating class went to the Philippines. However, they stopped in Hawaii because the troopship needed repairs. The ship docks in Hawaii for ten days. Some of the graduating class were Hawaiian soldiers, and their families prepared a luau dinner almost every night.

When Sam got close to the Philippines, the war ended. In the Philippines, Sam's graduating class was interviewed and then classified for their assignments. After a month, Sam went to occupation Japan. Sam was assigned to Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), and he works with a railroad Battalion in Yokohama. Sam's job was to interpret.

He was stationed at the railroad for almost a year. During Sam's vacation, he traveled around Japan, visiting relatives and sightseeing.
]]> Saito, Isamu: narrator]]> Hawkins, Richard: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Community activities]]> Tsuchimochi, Minoru: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bloomington, Minnesota ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Tsuchimochi, Minoru: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bloomington, Minnesota ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Umeda, Harry: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bloomington, Minnesota ]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]> Umeda, Harry: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 June 26]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Bloomington, Minnesota ]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Industry and employment]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Yafuso, Hiroshi: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> UPS: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2005 March 21]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hilo, Hawaii]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Ito, Sueo: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 September 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Denver, Colorado ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Ito, Sueo: narrator]]> Demonteverde, Marie: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 September 23]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Denver, Colorado ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Military service--Post-World War II Occupation of Japan]]> Military service--Post-World War II service]]> Kaneshiro, George Toyoichi Ige: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Colorado Springs, Colorado ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--China-Burma-India Theater]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Industry and employment]]> Japanese Americans--Post-World War II]]> Noguchi, John Tamotsu: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 11]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Oka, Isao: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Oka, Isao: narrator]]> Nakamatsu, Karen: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000 February 05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrence, California ]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> World War II--Japan--Okinawa Island]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Sasano, Lawrence: narrator]]> Galinato, Rae Ann: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2000-02-05]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> Hawaii-- Pearl Harbor and aftermath]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> Ito, Sueo: narrator]]> Horsting, Robert: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military and Government Entities--Counterintelligence Corps (CIC)]]> Uchida, Toshiyuki: narrator]]> Kunitomi, Darrell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Denver, Colorado ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Education]]> Shinbo, Arthur: narrator]]> Yamagami, Don: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 July 10]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Toyoda, Susumu: narrator]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 November 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Solomon Islands, northern--Bougainville--New Georgia]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> Toyoda, Susumu: narrator]]> Furuya, Kenny: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> US Army Center of Military History: sponsor]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 November 12]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Gardena, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Umeda, Ben: narrator]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 June 13]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Marina, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Veteran history]]> Yokoyama, Mamoru: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 16]]> eng ]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Yokoyama, Mamoru: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--War crimes trials]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> Yokoyama, Mamoru: narrator]]> Hanami, Ren: interviewer]]> Wasserman, Steven: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 May 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Torrance, California ]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> Hashisaka, Norman: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 September 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training]]> Hashisaka, Norman: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 September 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Hawaii]]> Otani, Akira: narrator]]> Miyamoto, Phil: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Prisoners and prisons--Interrogation]]> Tsuneishi, Warren: narrator]]> Iwata, Joy: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 27]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Virginia ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> Identity and values]]>
Tanaka's Mother is a picture bride. She passes away in 1939 when Tanaka is eight years old. His Grandfather moves in to take care of the kids when the Father is working. He recalls corresponding with his girl cousins in the Philippines. When Japan occupies the Philippines, they keep the girls because they know English. They eventually get sent to Japan when America invades the Philippines and took over.

Growing up in Hawaii, Tanaka describes the neighborhood as camps, family run stores, and no restaurants. He says people mainly eat at home and he does not recall eating out. At home, Tanaka's meals consist of rice, pork, and vegetables. The community is mainly Americans of Japanese Ancestry so he did not experience discrimination. Tanaka attends Japanese Language school from kindergarten to 12 grade. He learns the language, loyalty to the country, being good kids, reading and writing.

]]> Tanaka, Harry: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2004 April 16]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Camp Shelby]]> World War II--Military service--Basic training--Fort Snelling]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Takabayashi, George: narrator]]> Kawata, Ian: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 June 08]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Las Vegas, Nevada ]]> Identity and values--Family]]> Education]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Language School]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Philippine Islands]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Hayashi, Masami: narrator]]> Leivici, Joanne: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 2006 September 07]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> Salt Lake City, Utah ]]> Allied Occupation of Japan]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> Japan--Post-World War II]]> Kimura, Robert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 April 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --Australia (Allied Translator and Interpreter Section)]]> World War II--Military service--Military Intelligence Service]]> World War II--Asiatic-Pacific Theater --New Guinea Campaign]]> Kimura, Robert: narrator]]> Nakaishi, Russell: interviewer]]> Go For Broke National Education Center: publisher]]> Go For Broke National Education Center]]> 1999 April 24]]> eng]]> Oral Histories]]>